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elicitor
Elicitors in plant biology are extrinsic, or foreign, molecules often associated with plant pests, diseases or synergistic organisms. Elicitor molecules can attach to special receptor proteins located on plant cell membranes. These receptors are able to recognise the molecular pattern of elicitors and trigger intracellular defence signalling via the Octadecanoid pathway. This response results in the enhanced synthesis of metabolites which reduce damage and increase resistance to pest, diseasse or environmental stress. This is an immune response known as pattern triggered immunity or PTI. PTI is effective against necrotropic microorganisms.
An example is chitosan which is found in the shells of crustaceans, insects and in fungi. Chitosan is used in agriculture as a natural biocontrol agent, to improve plant health and increase crop yields.
== Effectors and Hormones ==
Effectors and hormones are other signalling molecules often confused with elicitors. Elicitors and effectors differ from hormones in that they are not produced within the organism that they are triggering a response in, and are usually not naturally occurring in the organism.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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