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emergy
''Emergy'' is a type of available energy (exergy) that is consumed in direct and indirect transformations needed to make a product or service.〔Odum, H.T. 1996. (Environmental Accounting: Emergy and Environmental Policy Making ). John Wiley and Sons, New York. p370〕 Emergy accounts for, and is, therefore, in effect a measure of quality differences between different forms of energy. Emergy is an expression of all the energy used in the work processes that generate a product or service in units of one type of energy. Emergy is measured in units of ''emjoule''s, a unit referring to the available energy of one kind consumed in transformations. Emergy accounts for different forms of energy and resources (e.g. sunlight, water, fossil fuels, minerals, etc.) Each form is generated by transformation processes in nature and each has a different ability to support work in natural and human dominated systems. The recognition of these differences in ''quality'' is a key concept of the emergy methodology.
==History==
The theoretical and conceptual basis for the emergy methodology is grounded in thermodynamics, general system theory〔von Bertalanffy. L. 1968. General System Theory. George Braziller Publ. New York 295 p.〕 and systems ecology.〔Odum, H.T. 1983. ''Systems Ecology: An Introduction''. John Wiley, NY. 644 p.〕 Evolution of the theory by Howard T. Odum over the first thirty years is reviewed in ''Environmental Accounting''〔 and in the volume edited by C.A.S. Hall titled ''Maximum Power''.〔Odum, H.T., 1995. Self organization and maximum power. Chapter 28, pp. 311-364 in ''Maximum Power'', Ed. by C.A.S. Hall, University Press of Colorado, Niwot.〕
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