|
''Emeritus'' (; feminine emerita or emeritus; plural emeriti (masc.) or emeritae (fem.); abbreviation emer.)" (Latin ''ēx'', "out of", and ''meritus'', "merit"), in its current usage, is a postpositive adjective used to designate a retired professor, pastor, bishop, Pope, president, prime minister, or other professional. In some cases the term is conferred automatically upon all persons who retire at a given rank, but in others it remains a mark of distinguished service, awarded to only a few on retirement. It is also used when a person of distinction in a profession retires or hands over the position, enabling their erstwhile rank to be retained in their title. The term ''Emeritus'' does not necessarily signify that a person has relinquished all the duties of their erstwhile position and they may continue to exercise some of them. ''Emerere'' is a compound of the prefix ''e-'' (a variant of ''ex-'') meaning "out of" or "from" and ''merēre'' meaning "earn". The past participle of ''emerere'' is ''emeritus'', and the original meaning is "to serve out, to complete one's service".〔See (Etym on line )〕 The female equivalent, ''emerita'' (), is also sometimes used, but as is often true of loanwords, the use of the donor language's inflectional system faces limits in the recipient language. Although Latin and some Romance languages inflect ''professor''/''professora'' for men and women, in English ''professor'' is not inflected for gender (both men and women use it), and ''Emeritus'' is often similarly uninflected. ==In academia== In the United States, a full tenured professor who retires from an educational institution in good standing may be given the title "professor emeritus" regardless of gender. The title "professor emerita" is sometimes used for women. In some systems and institutions the rank is bestowed on all professors who have retired in good standing, while at others it needs a special act or vote. Professors emeritus may draw a large percentage of their former salary as pension and, depending on local circumstances, may retain office space or other privileges. The word is used either as a postpositional adjective (e.g., "professor emeritus"), or as a prepositional adjective (e.g., "emeritus professor"). The concept has in some places been expanded to include also tenured associate professors or also non-tenure-track faculty. In the United Kingdom and most other parts of the world, the term "emeritus professor" is given only to a person of outstanding merit who has already had full professorial status before he or she retired. The possession of a PhD or other higher degree, or even full professorial status, is not always sufficient for calling oneself "emeritus professor" upon retirement. The term "Professor Emeritus" is also recognised in the UK. The word is capitalized when it forms part of a title which is capitalized. Oxbridge colleges will appoint notable fellows who have retired "Emeritus Fellow". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「emeritus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|