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enalapril
Enalapril (marketed as Vasotec in the US, Enaladex in some other countries, and Enacard for veterinary use〔Boyce P. Wanamaker, Kathy Massey Applied Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians, 5th Edition. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2014 ISBN 9780323291705〕) is an angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, and some types of chronic heart failure.
ACE converts the peptide hormone angiotensin I to angiotensin II. One of the actions of angiotensin II is the vasoconstriction of blood vessels, resulting in an increase in blood pressure. ACE inhibitors such as enalapril prevent this effect. Enalapril has been shown to lower the death rate in systolic heart failure. Enalapril was the first member of the group known as the dicarboxylate-containing ACE inhibitors.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system.
==Medical uses==
Enalapril is used to treat hypertension, symptomatic heart failure, and asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction.〔U.S. National Library of Medicine. Last Revised October 1, 2010 (MedlinePlus: Enalapril )〕 It has been proven to protect the function of the kidneys in hypertension, heart failure, and diabetes, and may be used in the absence of hypertension for its kidney protective effects. It is widely used in chronic kidney failure.〔He YM et al. Enalapril versus losartan for adults with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrology (Carlton). 2013 Sep;18(9):605-14. doi: 10.1111/nep.12134. PMID 23869492 〕
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