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engagement
An engagement, betrothal, or fiancer is a promise to wed, and also the period of time between a marriage proposal and a marriage. During this period, a couple is said to be ''betrothed,'' "intended", ''affianced'', ''engaged to be married,'' or simply ''engaged''. Future brides and grooms may be called ''the betrothed'', a ''wife-to-be'' or ''husband-to-be'', ''fiancée'' or ''fiancé'', respectively (from the French word fiancer). The duration of the courtship varies vastly, and is largely dependent on cultural norms or upon the agreement of the parties involved.
Long engagements were once common in formal arranged marriages, and it was not uncommon for parents betrothing children to arrange marriages many years before the engaged couple were old enough.
==Origin==
The origins of European engagement in marriage practice is found in the Jewish law (Torah), first exemplified by Abraham, and outlined in the last Talmudic tractate of the Nashim (Women) order, where marriage consists of two separate acts, called ''erusin'' (or ''kiddushin'', meaning ''sanctification''), which is the betrothal ceremony, and ''nissu'in'' or ''chupah'',〔To be precise, ''nesiuin'' is the process, and ''chuppah'' is the method.〕 the actual ceremony for the marriage. ''Erusin'' changes the couple's interpersonal status, while ''nissu'in'' brings about the legal consequences of the change of status. (However, in the Talmud and other sources of Jewish law there is also a process, called ''kiddushin'', corresponding to what today is called engagement. Marrying without such an agreement is considered immoral.〔, Chapter 4, See also footnote 1 and 2. The author uses the specific term ''proposal'', and considers this the first step in a formal engagement.〕 To complicate matters, ''erusin'' in modern Hebrew means engagement, not betrothal.)
This was later adopted in Ancient Greece as the ''gamos'' and ''engeysis'' rituals, although unlike in Judaism the contract made in front of witness was only verbal.〔Norman Bancroft Hunt, ''Living in Ancient Greece'', Infobase Publishing, 2008, p.44〕 The giving of a ring was eventually borrowed from Judaism by Roman marriage law, with the fiancé presenting it after swearing the oath of marriage intent, and presenting of the gifts at the engagement party.〔Philippe Ariès, Paul Veyne,eds., ''A History of Private Life: From pagan Rome to Byzantium'', Harvard University Press, 1992, p.467〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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