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Enmeshment is a concept introduced by Salvador Minuchin to describe families where personal boundaries are diffuse, sub-systems undifferentiated, and over-concern for others leads to a loss of autonomous development.〔H. & L. Goldberg, ''Family Therapy: An Overview'' (2008) p. 244 and p. 467〕 Enmeshed in parental needs, trapped in a discrepant role function,〔Virginia Satir, ''Peoplemaking'' (1983) p. 167〕 a child may lose his or her capacity for self-direction;〔R. C. Schwartz, ''Internal Family Systems Therapy'' (1997) p. 162〕 his/her own distinctiveness, under the weight of psychic incest;〔Robert Bly, ''Iron John'' (1991) p. 170 and p. 185-7〕 and, if family pressures increase, may end up becoming the identified patient or family scapegoat.〔Goldberg, p. 239〕 Enmeshment was also used by John Bradshaw to describe a state of cross-generational bonding within a family, whereby a child (normally of the opposite sex) becomes a surrogate spouse for their mother or father.〔John Bradshaw, ''Reclaiming Virtue'' (2009) p. 390〕 The term is sometimes applied to engulfing codependent relationships,〔Bradshaw, p. 272〕 where an unhealthy symbiosis is in existence.〔R. Abell, ''Own Your Own Life'' (1977) p. 119-22〕 For the toxically enmeshed child, the adult's carried feelings may be the only ones they know, outweighing and eclipsing their own.〔Terence Real, ''I Don't Want to Talk About It'' (1997) p. 206 and p. 360〕 ==Remedies== Clarifying boundaries, putting the generations in separate compartments,〔R. Skynner/J. Cleese, ''Families and how to survive them'' (1993) p. 93 and p. 213〕 and finding a better balance between involvement and separation,〔Goldenberg, p. 410〕 are all useful remedies. At the same time, it is important that the therapist avoids becoming enmeshed in the family subsystems themselves〔Skynner, p. 93〕 - the unconscious enmeshment of helping therapist/needy client.〔D. Sedgwick, ''Jung and Searles'' (1993) p. 113〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「enmeshment」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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