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Ensanche means "widening" in Spanish. It is used to name the development areas of Spanish cities around the end of the 19th century, when the demographic explosion and the Industrial Revolution prompted the tearing down of the old city wall and the construction of neighborhoods under grid plans. The program of city extensions in Spain began simultaneously in 1860 with the plans for Barcelona by Ildefons Cerdá and Madrid by Carlos Maria de Castro,〔GeoJournal 24.3/1991 p.294〕 influenced by Haussmann's transformation of Paris from 1852 (and, in turn, have been said to have influenced Haussmann's later projects). Those ensanches extended cities beyond their traditional limits by demolishing city walls, transforming riverbanks and subdividing the "extramuros" – rural land outside the city walls. Ensanches were generally based on principles articulated by Cerdá.〔Ildefonso Cerdá, Teoría general de la urbanización y aplicación de sus principios y doctrina a la reforma y ensanche de Barcelona, Madrid, 1867〕 These included reserving significant open space by requiring mid-block open space and whole block parks. The height of buildings was set by reference to the width of the adjacent street. Many of these requirements were modified, and the building volumes increased, by later amendments beginning in 1864 (Madrid).〔http://tercud.ulusofona.pt/index.php/pt/documentos-on-line/category/6-2008?download=323:garcia-garciam-et-al-2008〕 It is specifically used for: *The ''Eixample'' (Catalan for "ensanche") of Barcelona, planned by Ildefonso Cerdá. *The Eixample of the city of Valencia. *The Eixample in Palma, Majorca. *The Ensanche Este of Madrid under the Plan Castro by Carlos Maria de Castro enacted by Royal Decree in 1860. *The ''Ensanche'' of Bilbao after the annexation of the former village of Abando. == References == 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ensanche」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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