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entitlement
An entitlement is a government program guaranteeing access to some benefit by members of a specific group and based on established rights or by legislation.〔(''Entitlement.'' ) Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 17 March 2014.〕〔(''Entitlement.'' ) Dictionary.com. Retrieved 17 March 2014.〕 The term may also reflect a pejorative connotation, as in a "sense of entitlement". A "right" is itself an entitlement associated with a moral or social principle, such that an "entitlement" is a provision made in accordance with a legal framework of a society. Typically, entitlements are based on concepts of principle ("rights") which are themselves based in concepts of social equality or enfranchisement.
== Programs ==
In the United States, an entitlement program is a type of "government program that provides individuals with personal financial benefits (or sometimes special government-provided goods or services) to which an indefinite (but usually rather large) number of potential beneficiaries have a legal right...whenever they meet eligibility conditions that are specified by the standing law that authorizes the program. The beneficiaries of entitlement programs are normally individual citizens or residents, although sometimes organizations such as business corporations, local governments, or even political parties may have similar special 'entitlements' under certain programs."〔("A Glossary of Political Economic Terms" ) Paul M Johnson, PhD, Auburn University 1994-2005 Retrieved 17 Aug 2013.〕 Examples of entitlement programs at the federal level in the United States include Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid, most Veterans' Administration programs, federal employee and military retirement plans, unemployment compensation, food stamps, and agricultural price support programs.〔(''On this, deficit committee members agree: "Time is running out."'' ) CNN Wire Staff. 18 November 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2011.〕〔("A Glossary of Political Economic Terms" ) Paul M Johnson, PhD, Auburn University 1994-2005 Retrieved 17 Aug 2013.〕
Originally, the term "entitlement" in the United States was used to identify federal programs that, like Social Security and Medicare, got the name because workers became "entitled" to their benefits by paying into the system. In recent years the meaning has been used to refer also to benefits, like those of the food stamps program, which people become eligible to receive without paying into a system.〔(''What Is Driving Growth in Government Spending?'' ) Nate Silver. The New York Times. 16 January 2013. Retrieved 16 April 2013.〕 Some federal programs are also considered entitlements even though the subscriber's "paying into the system" occurs via a means other than monetary, as in the case of those programs providing for veterans' benefits, and where the individual becomes eligible via service in the U.S. military.〔(''Entitlement Programs.'' ) City College of San Francisco. Retrieved 16 April 2013.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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