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Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a medication, hormone and neurotransmitter. As a medication it is used for a number of conditions including: anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, and superficial bleeding.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/epinephrine.html )〕 Inhaled epinephrine may be used to improve the symptoms of croup. It may also be used for asthma when other treatments are not effective. It is given intravenously, by injection into a muscle, by inhalation, or by injection just under the skin.〔 Common side effects include shakiness, anxiety, and sweating. A fast heart rate and high blood pressure may occur. Occasionally it may result in an abnormal heart rhythm. While the safety of its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear, the benefits to the mother must be taken into account.〔 Epinephrine is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons.〔 It plays an important role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, output of the heart, pupil dilation, and blood sugar.〔 Epinephrine does this by its effects on alpha and beta receptors. It is found in many animals and some one cell organisms. Jokichi Takamine first isolated epinephrine in 1901. Its wholesale cost is between 0.10 and 0.95USD a vial.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=ADR1A&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=1%20mg%2Fml&desc=Epinephrine&pack=new&frm=AMPOULE&rte=INJ&class_code2=&supplement=&class_name=%2803%2E%29Antiallergics%20and%20medicines%20used%20in%20anaphylaxis%3Cbr%3E%2812%2E2%2E%29Antiarrhythmic%20medicines%3Cbr%3E%28%29%3Cbr%3E )〕 An autoinjector is available for anaphylaxis that costs about 100 dollars in the United States.〔 == Medical uses == Epinephrine is used to treat a number of conditions including: cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, and superficial bleeding.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/epinephrine.html )〕 It has been used historically for bronchospasm and hypoglycemia, but newer treatments for these that are selective for β2 adrenoceptors, such as salbutamol are currently preferred. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「epinephrine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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