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Epithelium (''epi-'' + ''thele'' + ''-ium'') is one of the four basic types of animal tissue. The other three types are connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissues line the cavities and surfaces of blood vessels and organs throughout the body. There are three principal shapes of epithelial cells: squamous, columnar, and cuboidal. These can be arranged in a single layer of cells as simple epithelium, either squamous, columnar or cuboidal, or in layers of two or more cells deep as stratified (layered), either squamous, columnar or cuboidal. All glands are made up of epithelial cells. Functions of epithelial cells include secretion, selective absorption, protection, transcellular transport, and sensing. Epithelial layers contain no blood vessels, so they must receive nourishment via diffusion of substances from the underlying connective tissue, through the basement membrane.〔Freshney, 2002: (p. 3 )〕 == Classification == In general, tissues are classified by the morphology of their cells, and the number of their layers.〔〔 Epithelial tissue that is only one cell thick is known as simple epithelium.〔van Lommel, 2002: (p. 94 )〕 If it is two or more cells thick, it is known as stratified epithelium.〔van Lommel, 2002: (p. 97 )〕 However, when taller simple epithelial cells (see columnar, below) are viewed in cross section with several nuclei appearing at different heights, they can be confused with stratified epithelia. This kind of epithelium is therefore described as "pseudostratified" epithelium. There are three principal morphologies associated with epithelial cells: * Squamous epithelium has cells that are wider than their height (flat and scale-like). * Cuboidal epithelium has cells whose height and width are approximately the same (cube shaped). * Columnar epithelium has cells taller than they are wide (column-shaped). * Transitional epithelium has cells that can change from squamous to cuboidal, depending on the amount of tension on the epithelium. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「epithelium」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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