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An eponym is a person, a place, or thing for whom or for which something is named, or believed to be named. For example, Elizabeth I of England is the eponym of the Elizabethan era. Many genericized trademarks such as aspirin,〔(Bayer Co. v. United Drug Co., 272 F. 505 (S.D.N.Y. 1921) ), Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, accessed March 25th, 2011〕 heroin〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Online Etymology Dictionary )〕 and thermos〔''King-Seeley Thermos Co. v. Aladdin Indus., Inc.'', 321 F.2d 577 (2d Cir. 1963); see also (this PDF )〕 are based on their original brand eponyms. The adjectives derived from eponym, which include ''eponymous'' and ''eponymic'',〔 similarly refers to being the person or thing after whom something is named, as "the ''eponymous'' founder of the Ford Motor Company" refers to founder's being Henry Ford. Recent usage, especially in the recorded-music industry, also allows ''eponymous'' to mean "named after its central character or creator".〔 ==History== Time periods have often been named after a ruler or other influential figure: *One of the first recorded cases of eponymy occurred in the second millennium BC, when the Assyrians named each year after a high official (''limmu''). *In ancient Greece, the eponymous archon was the highest magistrate in Athens. Archons of Athens served a term of one year which took the name of that particular archon (e.g., 594 BC was named for Solon). Later historians provided yet another case of eponymy by referring to the period of Fifth-century Athens as The Age of Pericles after its most influential statesman Pericles. *In Ancient Rome, one of the two formal ways of indicating a year was to cite the two annual consuls who served in that year. For example, the year we know as 59 BC would have been described as "the consulship of Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus and Gaius Julius Caesar" (although that specific year was known jocularly as "the consulship of Julius and Caesar" because of the insignificance of Caesar's counterpart). Under the empire, the consuls would change as often as every two months, but only the two consuls at the beginning of the year would lend their names to that year. *During the Christian era, itself eponymous, many royal households used eponymous dating by regnal years. The Roman Catholic Church, however, eventually used the ''Anno Domini'' dating scheme based on the birth of Christ on both the general public and royalty. The regnal year standard is still used with respect to statutes and law reports published in some parts of the United Kingdom and in some Commonwealth countries (England abandoned this practice in 1963): a statute signed into law in Canada between February 6, 1994 and February 5, 1995 would be dated 43 Elizabeth II, for instance. *Government administrations may become referred to eponymously, such as ''Kennedy's Camelot'' and ''the Nixon Era''. *British monarchs have become eponymous throughout the English-speaking world for time periods, fashions, etc. ''Elizabethan'', ''Georgian'', ''Victorian'', and ''Edwardian'' are examples of these. Trends *Political trends or movements often become eponymous with a government leader. Examples include ''Jacksonian democracy'', ''Stalinism'', ''Maoism'', ''Obamacare'', and ''Thatcherism''. Specific types of incidents * In the United States, "Columbine," usually prefixed by "pull a-" or "did a-", has become eponymous with school shootings due to the Columbine High School Massacre, which was the deadliest school shooting which had ever happened in the United States at the time and heightened awareness to the issue of school violence. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「eponym」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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