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The estampie ((フランス語:estampie), Occitan and (カタルーニャ語、バレンシア語:estampida), (イタリア語:istampitte)) is a medieval dance and musical form, it was a popular instrumental and vocal form in the 13th and 14th centuries. The name was also applied to poetry . ==Musical form== The estampie is similar in form to the lai, consisting of a succession of repeated sections . According to Johannes de Grocheio, there were both vocal and instrumental estampies (for which he used the Latin calque "stantipes"), which differed somewhat in form, in that the vocal estampie begins with a refrain, which is repeated at the end of each verse . Also according to Grocheio, the repeating sections in both the vocal and instrumental estampie were called ''puncta'' (singular ''punctus'') , in the form: :''aa, bb, cc, etc.''. The two statements of each punctus differ only in their endings, described as ''apertum'' ("open") and ''clausum'' ("closed") by Grocheio, who believed that six ''puncta'' were standard for the stantipes (his term for the estampie), though he was aware of stantipes with seven ''puncta'' . The structure can therefore be diagrammed as: :''a+x, a+y; b+w, b+z; etc.''. Sometimes the same two endings are used for all the ''puncta'', producing the structure :''a+x, a+y; b+x, b+y, c+x, c+y, etc.''. A similar structure was shared with the saltarello, another medieval dance. The earliest reported example of this musical form is the song "Kalenda maya", written by the troubadour Raimbaut de Vaqueiras (1180–1207) to the melody of an estampida played by French jongleurs. All other known examples are purely instrumental pieces. Fourteenth-century examples include estampies with subtitles such as "Lamento di Tristano", "La Manfredina", Salterello, "Isabella", "Tre fontane". Though the estampie is generally monophonic, there are also two-voice compositions in the form of an estampie, such as the three for keyboard in the Robertsbridge Fragment. According to Grocheio, the fiddle was the supreme instrument of the period, and the stantipes, together with the cantus coronatus and ductia, were the principal forms played on fiddles before the wealthy in their celebration . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「estampie」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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