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|Section2= |Section3= |Section4= |Section7=〔http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/8655〕 |Section8= }} Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula or H2C=CH2. It is a colorless flammable gas with a faint "sweet and musky" odor when pure.〔Booth, H. S. and Campbell, M. B. (1926) ''(Studies of Anesthetic Ethylene: I. The Odor of Ethylene )''. Anesthesia and Analgesia, July–August 1929, pages 221-226.〕 It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon-carbon double bonds), and the second simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon after acetylene (). Ethylene is widely used in chemical industry, and its worldwide production (over 109 million tonnes in 2006) exceeds that of any other organic compound.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Propylene Production from Methanol )〕 Ethylene is also an important natural plant hormone, used in agriculture to force the ripening of fruits. Ethylene's hydrate is ethyl alcohol. ==Structure and properties== This hydrocarbon has four hydrogen atoms bound to a pair of carbon atoms that are connected by a double bond. All six atoms that comprise ethylene are coplanar. The H-C-H angle is 117.4°, close to the 120° for ideal sp² hybridized carbon. The molecule is also relatively rigid: rotation about the C-C bond is a high energy process that requires breaking the π-bond. The π-bond in the ethylene molecule is responsible for its useful reactivity. The double bond is a region of high electron density, thus it is susceptible to attack by electrophiles. Many reactions of ethylene are catalyzed by transition metals, which bind transiently to the ethylene using both the π and π * orbitals. Being a simple molecule, ethylene is spectroscopically simple. Its UV-vis spectrum is still used as a test of theoretical methods.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=NIST Webbook )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ethylene」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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