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etifoxine
Etifoxine (INN,〔US Patent 3725404〕 also known as etafenoxine; trade name Stresam) is an anxiolytic and anticonvulsant drug〔Kruse HJ, Kuch H. Etifoxine: evaluation of its anticonvulsant profile in mice in comparison with sodium valproate, phenytoin and clobazam. ''Arzneimittelforschung''. 1985;35(1):133-5.〕 developed by Hoechst in the 1960s.〔 It is used in anxiety disorders and to promote peripheral nerve healing.〔(Etifoxine improves peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery )〕 It has similar effects to benzodiazepine drugs, but is structurally distinct and does not bind to the benzodiazepine receptor.〔Schlichter R, Rybalchenko V, Poisbeau P, Verleye M, Gillardin J. Modulation of GABAergic synaptic transmission by the non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic etifoxine. ''Neuropharmacology''. 2000 Jul 10;39(9):1523-35.〕 It is more effective than lorazepam as an anxiolytic, and has fewer side effects.〔Nguyen N, Fakra E, Pradel V, Jouve E, Alquier C, Le Guern ME, Micallef J, Blin O. Efficacy of etifoxine compared to lorazepam monotherapy in the treatment of patients with adjustment disorders with anxiety: a double-blind controlled study in general practice. ''Human Psychopharmacology''. 2006 Apr;21(3):139-49.〕
Etifoxine has been associated with acute liver injury.
==Mechanism of action==
Unlike benzodiazepines, etifoxine appears to produce its anxiolytic effects by binding to β2 and β3 subunits of the GABAA receptor complex, and so is acting at a different target site to benzodiazepines, although the physiological effect that is produced is similar to that of benzodiazepines.〔Hamon A, Morel A, Hue B, Verleye M, Gillardin JM. The modulatory effects of the anxiolytic etifoxine on GABA(A) receptors are mediated by the beta subunit. ''Neuropharmacology''. 2003 Sep;45(3):293-303.〕 This difference in binding means that etifoxine can be used alongside benzodiazepines to potentiate their effects without competing for binding sites,〔Kruse HJ, Kuch H. Potentiation of clobazam's anticonvulsant activity by etifoxine, a non-benzodiazepine tranquilizer, in mice. Comparison studies with sodium valproate. ''Arzneimittelforschung''. 1986 Sep;36(9):1320-2.〕 however it also means that the effects of etifoxine are not reversed by the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil.〔Verleye M, Schlichter R, Gillardin JM. Interactions of etifoxine with the chloride channel coupled to the GABA(A) receptor complex. ''Neuroreport''. 1999 Oct 19;10(15):3207-10〕 (''S'')-Etifoxine is currently being investigated as a pain management medication. It has shown promise for chemotherapy induced pain as well as neuropathic pain, with little or no sedating side effects.〔US Patent 8110569 - Enantiomerically pure S-etifoxine, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and methods of their use http://www.google.com/patents/US8110569〕〔Etifoxine (Stresam) for chemotherapy-induced pain? http://www.pharma.uzh.ch/research/neuropharmacology/researchareas/neuropharmacology/publications/Zeilhofer_Pain_2009.pdf〕〔NON-ADDITIVE, NON-SEDATING PAIN RELIEVING DRUG: http://www.ng-dg.com/news.php〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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