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euchre
Euchre or eucre is a trick-taking card game most commonly played with four people in two partnerships with a deck of 24, or sometimes 32, standard playing cards. It is the game responsible for introducing the joker into modern packs; this was invented around 1860 to act as a top trump or best bower (from the German word ''Bauer'', "farmer", denoting also the jack).〔Oxford Dictionary of Card Games, David Parlett - pg.104〕 It is believed to be closely related to the French game Écarté that was popularized in the United States by the Cornish and Pennsylvania Dutch,〔''The Everything Card Games Book: A Complete Guide to Over 50 Games'', p. 128, Nikki Katz ISBN 1-59337-130-6〕 and to the seventeenth-century game of bad repute Loo. It may be sometimes referred to as Knock Euchre to distinguish it from Bid Euchre.
==Origins==
Euchre appears to have been introduced into the United States by the early German settlers in the Midwest.〔Notes and Queries, p. 427 - Bell & Daldy, London 1862〕 and from that region gradually to have been disseminated throughout the nation. It has been more recently theorized that the game and its name derives from an eighteenth-century Alsatian card game named ''Juckerspiel'',〔(Parlett's Historic Card Games: Euchre )〕 a derivative of Triomphe. Also, it may have been introduced by immigrants from Cornwall, England, where it remains a popular game. It is also played in the neighboring county of Devon; one theory is that it was introduced by French or American prisoners of war imprisoned in Dartmoor prison during the early 19th century. Ombre is an ancestral form of Euchre.〔Oxford Dictionary of Card Games, David Parlett, pg. 124 ISBN 0-19-869173-4〕
In the United States the only teaching of the game, except a few paragraphs in the late American editions of ''Hoyle's Games'', and of ''Bonn's New Hand-Book of Games'', is contained in ''The Game of Euchre''; with its Laws, 32mo., Philadelphia, 1850, pp. 32, attributed to a late learned jurist.〔The law and practice of the games of euchre, p. 26, Charles Henry Wharton Meehan - Peterson & Brothers, 1862〕
The game has declined in popularity since the 19th century, when it was widely regarded as the national card game, but it retains a strong following in some regions like the Midwest; especially the states of Indiana, Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, and Wisconsin. In recent years, it has regained some popularity in the Eastern United States in the form of Bacon. It is played differently from region to region and even within regions. In Canada, the game is still very popular in Southern Ontario, and the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands, Australia and New Zealand all have large followings of the game.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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