|
| unofficial_users = |inflation_rate = -0.6% (January 2015) |inflation_source_date = January 2014 |inflation_method = HICP |pegged_by = |subunit_ratio_1 = 1/100 |subunit_name_1 = cent |subunit_inline_note_1 = Actual usage varies depending on language |symbol = € |plural = ''See Euro linguistic issues'' |plural_subunit_1 = ''See article'' |used_coins = 1c, 2c, 5c, 10c, 20c, 50c, €1, €2 |coin_article = euro coins |used_banknotes = €5, €10, €20, €50, €100, €200, €500 |banknote_article = euro banknotes |nickname = The single currency〔Official documents and legislation refer to the euro as "the single currency". This term is sometimes adopted by the media ((Google hits for the phrase) )〕 |issuing_authority = European Central Bank |issuing_authority_website = |printer = |printer_override_with_original_text = Y |printer_website = |mint = |mint_override_with_original_text = Y |mint_website = }} The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 19 of the 28 member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans as of 2015.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The euro )〕 Outside of Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency. Additionally, 210 million people worldwide as of 2013 use currencies pegged to the euro. The euro is the second largest reserve currency as well as the second most traded currency in the world after the United States dollar. , with more than €995,000,000,000 in circulation, the euro has the highest combined value of banknotes and coins in circulation in the world, having surpassed the U.S. dollar.〔: Total EUR currency (coins and banknotes) in circulation 771.5 (banknotes) + 21.032 (coins) =792.53 billion EUR * 1.48 (exchange rate) = 1,080 billion USD Total USD currency (coins and banknotes) in circulation 859 billion USD * * * * 〕 Based on International Monetary Fund estimates of 2008 GDP and purchasing power parity among the various currencies, the eurozone is the second largest economy in the world.〔 〕 The name ''euro'' was officially adopted on 16 December 1995.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Madrid European Council (12/95): Conclusions )〕 The euro was introduced to world financial markets as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999, replacing the former European Currency Unit (ECU) at a ratio of 1:1 (US$1.1743). Physical euro coins and banknotes entered into circulation on 1 January 2002, making it the day-to-day operating currency of its original members.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Initial changeover (2002) )〕 While the euro dropped subsequently to US$0.8252 within two years (26 October 2000), it has traded above the U.S. dollar since the end of 2002, peaking at US$1.6038 on 18 July 2008.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Exchange Rate Average (US Dollar, Euro) – X-Rates )〕 Since late 2009, the euro has been immersed in the European sovereign-debt crisis which has led to the creation of the European Financial Stability Facility as well as other reforms aimed at stabilising the currency. In July 2012, the euro fell below US$1.21 for the first time in two years, following concerns raised over Greek debt and Spain's troubled banking sector.〔 〕 As of November 2015, the euro–dollar exchange rate stands at ~ US$1.06.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=USD/EUR exchange )〕 ==Administration== The euro is managed and administered by the Frankfurt-based European Central Bank (ECB) and the Eurosystem (composed of the central banks of the eurozone countries). As an independent central bank, the ECB has sole authority to set monetary policy. The Eurosystem participates in the printing, minting and distribution of notes and coins in all member states, and the operation of the eurozone payment systems. The 1992 Maastricht Treaty obliges most EU member states to adopt the euro upon meeting certain monetary and budgetary convergence criteria, although not all states have done so. The United Kingdom and Denmark negotiated exemptions,〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=European Commission )〕 while Sweden (which joined the EU in 1995, after the Maastricht Treaty was signed) turned down the euro in a 2003 referendum, and has circumvented the obligation to adopt the euro by not meeting the monetary and budgetary requirements. All nations that have joined the EU since 1993 have pledged to adopt the euro in due course. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「euro」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|