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evolutionism
Evolutionism was a common 19th century belief that organisms inherently improve themselves through progressive inherited change over time, and increase in complexity through evolution.〔 The belief went on to include cultural evolution and social evolution. In the 1970s the term Neo-Evolutionism was used to describe the idea "that human beings sought to preserve a familiar style of life unless change was forced on them by factors that were beyond their control".〔Trigger, Bruce (1986) ''A History of Archeological Thought'' Cambridge University Press pg 290〕
The term is sometimes also colloquially used to refer to acceptance of the modern evolutionary synthesis, a scientific theory that describes how biological evolution occurs. In addition, the term is used in a broader sense to cover a world-view on a wide variety of topics, including chemical evolution as an alternative term for abiogenesis or for nucleosynthesis of chemical elements, galaxy formation and evolution, stellar evolution, spiritual evolution, technological evolution and universal evolution, which seeks to explain every aspect of the world in which we live.
Since the overwhelming majority of scientists accept the modern evolutionary synthesis as the best explanation of current data,〔"Nearly all scientists (97%) say humans and other living things have evolved over time", (Public Praises Science; Scientists Fault Public, Media ), Pew Research Center, 9 July 2009〕 the term is seldom used in the scientific community; to say someone is a scientist implies acceptance of evolutionary views,〔 "...to say a person is a scientist encompasses the fact that he or she is an evolutionist."〕 unless specifically noted otherwise. In the creation-evolution controversy, creationists often call those who accept the validity of the modern evolutionary synthesis "evolutionists" and the theory itself as "evolutionism." Some creationists and creationist organizations, such as the Institute of Creation Research, use these terms in an effort to make it appear that evolutionary biology is a form of secular religion.
==19th-century use==
Evolution originally was used to refer to an orderly sequence of events with the outcome somehow contained at the start.〔Carneiro, Robert Léonard (2003) ''Evolutionism in cultural anthropology: a critical history'' Westview Press pg 1-3〕 Darwin did not use the term in ''Origin of Species'' until its sixth edition in 1872, (though earlier editions did use the word "evolved") by which time Herbert Spencer had given it scientific currency with a broad definition of progression in complexity in 1862.〔 Edward B. Tylor and Lewis H Morgan brought the term "evolution" to anthropology though they tended toward the older pre-Spencerian definition helping to form the concept of unilineal evolution used during the later part of what Trigger calls the Antiquarianism-Imperial Synthesis period (c1770-c1900).〔Trigger, Bruce (1986) ''A History of Archaeological Thought'' Cambridge University Press pg 102〕
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