|
Experience is the knowledge or mastery of an event or subject gained through involvement in or exposure to it.〔 Compare various contemporary definitions given in the OED (2nd edition, 1989): "() 3. The actual observation of facts or events, considered as a source of knowledge.() 4. a. The fact of being consciously the subject of a state or condition, or of being consciously affected by an event. () b. In religious use: A state of mind or feeling forming part of the inner religious life; the mental history (of a person) with regard to religious emotion. () 6. What has been experienced; the events that have taken place within the knowledge of an individual, a community, mankind at large, either during a particular period or generally. () 7. a. Knowledge resulting from actual observation or from what one has undergone. () 8. The state of having been occupied in any department of study or practice, in affairs generally, or in the intercourse of life; the extent to which, or the length of time during which, one has been so occupied; the aptitudes, skill, judgement, etc. thereby acquired." 〕 Terms in philosophy, such as "empirical knowledge" or "''a posteriori'' knowledge," are used to refer to knowledge based on experience. A person with considerable experience in a specific field can gain a reputation as expert.The concept of experience generally refers to know-how or procedural knowledge, rather than propositional knowledge: on-the-job training rather than book-learning. The interrogation of experience has a long tradition in continental philosophy. Experience plays an important role in the philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard. The German term ''Erfahrung'', often translated into English as "experience", has a slightly different implication, connoting the coherency of life's experiences. Certain religious traditions (such as types of Buddhism, Surat Shabd Yoga, mysticism and Pentecostalism) and educational paradigms with, for example, the conditioning of military recruit-training (also known as "boot camps"), stress the experiential nature of human epistemology. This stands in contrast to alternatives: traditions of dogma, logic or reasoning. Participants in activities such as tourism, extreme sports and recreational drug-use also tend to stress the importance of experience. The history of the word ''experience'' aligns it closely with the concept of experiment. == Types of experience == The word "experience" may refer, somewhat ambiguously, both to mentally unprocessed immediately perceived events as well as to the purported wisdom gained in subsequent reflection on those events or interpretation of them. Some wisdom-experience accumulates over a period of time,〔 Note for example 〕 though one can also experience (and gain general wisdom-experience from) a single specific momentary event. One may also differentiate between (for example) physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, vicarious and virtual experience(s). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「experience」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|