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Fasces (, (:ˈfas.keːs), a ''plurale tantum'', from the Latin word ''fascis'', meaning "bundle")〔(Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary ): fasces〕 is a bound bundle of wooden rods, sometimes including an axe with its blade emerging. The fasces had its origin in the Etruscan civilization, and was passed on to ancient Rome, where it symbolized a magistrate's power and jurisdiction. The image has survived in the modern world as a representation of magisterial or collective power. The fasces frequently occurs as a charge in heraldry, it is present on an older design of the United States ten cent coin and behind the podium in the United States House of Representatives, it is used as the symbol of a number of Italian syndicalist groups, including the Unione Sindacale Italiana, and it was the origin of the name of the National Fascist Party in Italy (from which the term fascism is derived). It should not be confused with the related term ''fess'', which in French heraldry is called a ''fasce''. ==Origin and symbolism== Although little is known about the Etruscans, a few artifacts have been found showing a thin bundle of rods surrounding a two-headed axe.〔Haynes, S. (2000). Etruscan civilization: A cultural history. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.〕 Fasces-symbolism might derive—via the Etruscans—from the eastern Mediterranean, with the labrys, the Anatolian and Minoan double-headed axe, later incorporated into the praetorial fasces. There is little archaeological evidence.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-04-13 )〕 By the time of the Roman Republic, the ''fasces'' had evolved into a thicker bundle of birch rods, sometimes surrounding a single-headed axe and tied together with a red leather ribbon into a cylinder. On certain special occasions, the fasces might be decorated with a laurel wreath. The symbolism of the fasces suggested strength through unity (see Unity makes strength); a single rod is easily broken, while the bundle is very difficult to break. This symbolism occurs in one of Aesop's Fables "The bundle of sticks"〔(The Bundle of Sticks. Aesop. 1909-14. Fables. The Harvard Classics )〕 A similar story is told about the Bulgar Khan Kubrat, giving rise to the Bulgarian National motto "Union gives strength" (Съединението прави силата). The axe represented the power over life or death through the death penalty, although after the laws of the twelve tables, no Roman magistrate could summarily execute a Roman citizen.〔(Livius.org ), fasces〕 Bundled birch twigs symbolise corporal punishment (see birching). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「fasces」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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