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ferrocement
Ferrocement or ferro-cement (also called thin-shell concrete or ferro-concrete) is a system of reinforced mortar〔Gani, M. S. J. ''Cement and Concrete''. London: Chapman & Hall, 1997. 8. Print.〕 or plaster (lime or cement, sand and water) applied over layers of metal such as chicken wire or woven or expanded metal (iron) mesh or fibers and possibly closely spaced small-diameter steel rods such as rebar. It is used to form relatively thin, hard, strong forms in many shapes for such applications as hulls for boats, shell roofs, and water tanks. Ferrocement originated in the 1840s in France and is the origin of reinforced concrete. It has a wide range of other uses including sculpture and prefabricated building components. The term "ferrocement" has been applied by extension to other composite materials, including some containing no cement and no ferrous material.
==Definitions==
''Cement'' and ''concrete'' are used interchangeably but there are technical distinctions and the meaning of ''cement'' has changed since the mid-nineteenth century when ''ferrocement'' originated. Ferro- means iron although metal commonly used in ferro-cement is the iron alloy steel. Cement in the nineteenth century and earlier meant ''mortar''〔
Chambers, William, and James Donald, eds. "cement", ''Chambers's Etymological Dictionary of the English Language''. London, Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers, 1873. 66. Print.〕 or broken stone or tile mixed with lime and water to form a strong mortar.〔"cement, n." ''Oxford English Dictionary''. 2nd. ed. 2009. CD-Rom.〕 Today cement usually means Portland cement,〔Ward-Harvey, K. ''Fundamental Building Materials''. 4th ed. Boca Raton, Fla: Universal-Publishers, 2009. Print.〕 Mortar is a paste of a binder (usually Portland cement), sand and water; and concrete is a fluid mixture of Portland cement, sand, water and crushed stone aggregate which is poured into formwork (shuttering). ''Ferro-concrete'' is the original name of reinforced concrete (armored concrete) known at least since the 1890s and in 1903 it was well described in London's Society of Engineer's ''Journal''〔Augustus de Rohan Galbraith, "The Hennebique System of Ferro-Concrete Construction". ''Journal'', P. F. Nursey, ed. Society of Engineers. London. E & F. N.Spon. 1903. 177-208. Print.〕 but is now widely confused with ferrocement.
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