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festival
A festival is an event ordinarily celebrated by a community and centering on some characteristic aspect of that community and its religion or traditions, often marked as a local or national holiday, mela or eid. Next to religion and folklore, a significant origin is agricultural. Food is such a vital resource that many festivals are associated with harvest time. Religious commemoration and thanksgiving for good harvests are blended in events that take place in autumn, such as Halloween in the northern hemisphere and Easter in the southern.
Festivals often serve to fulfill specific communal purposes, especially in regard to commemoration or thanksgiving. The celebrations offer a sense of belonging for religious, social, or geographical groups, contributing to group cohesiveness. They may also provide entertainment, which was particularly important to local communities before the advent of mass-produced entertainment. Festivals that focus on cultural or ethnic topics also seek to inform community members of their traditions; the involvement of elders sharing stories and experience provides a means for unity among families.
In Ancient Greece and Rome, festivals such as the Saturnalia were closely associated with social organisation and political processes as well as religion. In modern times, festivals may be attended by strangers such as tourists, who are attracted to some of the more eccentric or historical ones.
==Etymology==
The word "festival" was originally used as an adjective from the late fourteenth century, deriving from Latin via Old French.〔"(festival, adj. and n. )". OED Online. March 2014. Oxford University Press. Accessed April 16, 2014.〕 In Middle English, a "festival dai" was a religious holiday.〔(festival (adj.) ) at the Middle English Dictionary. Accessed April 16, 2014.〕 Its first recorded used as a noun was in 1589 (as "Festifall").〔 Feast first came into usage as a noun circa 1200,〔"(feast, n. )". OED Online. March 2014. Oxford University Press. Accessed April 16, 2014.〕 and its first recorded use as a verb was circa 1300.〔"(feast, v. )". OED Online. March 2014. Oxford University Press. Accessed April 16, 2014.〕 The term "feast" is also used in common secular parlance as a synonym for any large or elaborate meal. When used as in the meaning of a festival, most often refers to a religious festival rather than a film or art festival. In the Philippines and many other former Spanish colonies, the Spanish word fiesta is used to denote a communal religious feast to honor a patron saint.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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