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fianna
''Fianna'' (singular ''fiann'') were small, semi-independent warrior bands in Irish mythology and Scottish mythology. They are featured in the stories of the Fenian Cycle, where they are led by Fionn mac Cumhaill.
They are based on historical bands of landless young men in early medieval Ireland known as kerns.
==Historicity==
The historical institution of the ''fiann'' is known from references in early medieval Irish law tracts. A ''fiann'' was made up of landless young men and women, often young aristocrats who had not yet come into their inheritance of land.〔Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, ''Early Medieval Ireland'', Longman, 1995, p. 88〕 A member of a ''fiann'' was called a ''fénnid''; the leader of a ''fiann'' was a ''rígfénnid'' (literally "king-''fénnid'').〔''Dictionary of the Irish Language'', Compact Edition, Royal Irish Academy, 1990, pp. 299, 507〕
Geoffrey Keating, in his 17th-century ''History of Ireland'', says that during the winter the ''fianna'' were quartered and fed by the nobility, during which time they would keep order on their behalf, but during the summer, from Beltaine to Samhain, they were obliged to live by hunting for food and for pelts to sell.〔Geoffrey Keating, ''Foras Feasa ar Éirinn'' (2.45 )〕 Keating's ''History'' is more a compilation of traditions than a reliable history, but in this case scholars point to references in early Irish poetry and the existence of a closed hunting season for deer and wild boar between Samhain and Beltaine in medieval Scotland as corroboration.〔Nerys Patterson, ''Cattle Lords and Clansmen: the Social Structure of Early Ireland'', University of Notre Dame Press, 1994, p. 122-123〕
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