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Fibromyalgia (FM) is a medical condition characterised by chronic widespread pain and a heightened and painful response to pressure.〔 Symptoms other than pain may occur, leading to the use of the term fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Other symptoms include feeling tired to a degree that normal activities are affected, sleep disturbance, and joint stiffness. Some people also report difficulty with swallowing, bowel and bladder abnormalities, numbness and tingling, and cognitive dysfunction. Fibromyalgia is frequently associated with psychiatric conditions such as depression and anxiety, and with stress-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder.〔〔 Not all people with fibromyalgia experience all associated symptoms. Its exact cause is unknown but is believed to involve psychological, genetic, neurobiological and environmental factors.〔〔〔 There is evidence that environmental factors and certain genes increase the risk of developing fibromyalgia; these same genes are also associated with other functional somatic syndromes and major depressive disorder.〔 The central symptom of fibromyalgia, namely widespread pain, appears to stem from neurochemical imbalances and the activation of inflammatory pathways in the brain which results in abnormalities in pain-processing.〔 The brains of people with fibromyalgia show functional and structural differences from those of people without fibromyalgia, but it is unclear whether the brain anomalies cause fibromyalgia symptoms, or are the product of an unknown underlying common cause. Some research suggests that these brain anomalies may be the result of childhood stress, or prolonged or severe stress. Fibromyalgia is recognized as a disorder by the US National Institutes of Health and the American College of Rheumatology.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Q&A Fibromyalgia )〕〔http://www.rheumatology.org/practice/clinical/patients/diseases_and_conditions/fibromyalgia.pdf#search=%22fibromyalgia%22〕 Fibromyalgia is described as a "central sensitization syndrome" caused by biological abnormalities in the nervous system which act to produce pain and cognitive impairments as well as psychological problems.〔 Despite this, there is controversy about the cause and nature of fibromyalgia and how people affected by it are described by those in the medical community.〔〔 Frederick Wolfe, lead author of the 1990 paper which first defined the diagnostic guidelines for fibromyalgia, has stated that he believes the causes of fibromyalgia "are controversial in a sense", and that "there are many factors that produce these symptoms – some are psychological and some are physical and it does exist on a continuum".〔http://www.news-medical.net/news/20130322/Fibromyalgia-an-interview-with-Dr-Frederick-Wolfe-University-of-Kansas-School-of-Medicine.aspx〕 Fibromyalgia is estimated to affect 2–8% of the population, with a female to male incidence ratio that is somewhere between 7:1 and 9:1.〔 The term "fibromyalgia" derives from New Latin, ''fibro-'', meaning "fibrous tissues", Greek μυώ ''myo-'', "muscle", and Greek άλγος ''algos'', "pain"; thus the term literally means "muscle and connective tissue pain". ==Classification== Fibromyalgia is classed as a disorder of pain processing due to abnormalities in how pain signals are processed in the central nervous system. The American College of Rheumatology classify fibromyalgia as being a functional somatic syndrome. The expert committee of the European League Against Rheumatism classify fibromyalgia as a neurobiological disorder and as a result exclusively give pharmacotherapy their highest level of support.〔 The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) lists fibromyalgia as a diagnosable disease under "Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue," under the code M79-7, and states that fibromyalgia syndrome should be classified as a functional somatic syndrome rather than a mental disorder. Although mental disorders and some physical disorders commonly are co-morbid with fibromyalgia – especially anxiety, depression, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic fatigue syndrome – the ICD states that these should be diagnosed separately.〔 Differences in psychological and autonomic nervous system profiles among affected individuals may indicate the existence of fibromyalgia subtypes. A 2007 review divides individuals with fibromyalgia into four groups as well as "mixed types": # "extreme sensitivity to pain but no associated psychiatric conditions" (may respond to medications that block the 5-HT3 receptor) # "fibromyalgia and comorbid, pain-related depression" (may respond to antidepressants) # "depression with concomitant fibromyalgia syndrome" (may respond to antidepressants) # "fibromyalgia due to somatization" (may respond to psychotherapy) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「fibromyalgia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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