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Fiction describes people, places, events, or complete narrative works derived from imagination,〔"(fiction )." Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. 2015.〕〔Sageng, Fossheim, & Larsen (eds.) (2012). ''(The Philosophy of Computer Games )''. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 186-187.〕 in addition to, or rather than, from history or fact.〔William Harmon and C. Hugh Holman ''A Handbook to Literature'' (7th edition). New York: Prentice Hall, 1990, p. 212.〕 Fiction can be expressed in a variety of formats, including writing, live performance, electronic media, and recreational play, though the term originally referred to the major narrative forms of literature (see ''literary'' fiction),〔"(Definition of 'fiction' )." ''Oxford English Dictionaries'' (online). Oxford University Press. 2015.〕 including the novel, novella, short story, drama, and narrative poem. Fiction constitutes an act of creative invention, so that faithfulness to reality is not typically assumed; in other words, fiction is not expected to present only characters who are actual people or descriptions that are factually true. The context of fiction is generally open to interpretation, due to fiction's freedom from any necessary embedding in reality; however, some fictional works are claimed to be, or marketed as, historically or factually accurate, complicating the traditional distinction between fiction and non-fiction.〔Iftekharuddin, Frahat (ed.). (2003). ''(The Postmodern Short Story: Forms and Issues )''. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 23.〕 Fiction is a classification or category, rather than a specific mode or genre, unless used in a narrower sense as a synonym for a particular literary fiction form.〔M. H. Abrams, ''A Glossary of Literary Terms'' (7th edition). Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace, 1999, p. 94.〕 == Reality and fiction== Fiction is commonly broken down into a variety of subsets, called genres, each typically united by narrative technique, tone, content or popularly defined criteria. Science fiction often predicts or supposes technologies that are not realities at the time of the work's creation. For example, Jules Verne's novel ''From the Earth to the Moon'' was published in 1865 and in 1969 astronaut Neil Armstrong landed on the moon. Historical fiction places imaginary characters into real historical events. In the early historical novel ''Waverley'', Sir Walter Scott's fictional character Edward Waverley meets the figure from history Bonnie Prince Charlie and takes part in the Battle of Prestonpans. Non-realistic fiction typically involves a story whose events could not happen in real life, because they are set in an alternative universe, an alternative history of the world other than that currently understood as true, or some other non-existent location, or because they require impossible technology or a defiance of the currently understood laws of science. Fictional works that explicitly involve supernatural, magical, or logically impossible elements are often classified under the genre of fantasy, including Lewis Carroll's ''Alice In Wonderland'', J. K. Rowling's ''Harry Potter'', and J. R. R. Tolkien's ''The Lord of the Rings''. Fiction writers and creators sometimes use imaginary creatures such as dragons and fairies in works of fictions.〔 Some works of fiction are based on a true story, a fictionalized account, or a reconstructed biography.〔 Often, even when the author claims the story is true, there may be significant additions and subtractions from the true story to make it more interesting. One such example would be Tim O'Brien's ''The Things They Carried'', a series of historical fiction short stories about the Vietnam War. In terms of the traditional separation between fiction and non-fiction, the lines are now commonly blurred, showing more overlap than mutual exclusion, especially since reality can be presented through imaginary channels and constructions, while, at the same, imagination can bring about significant conclusions about reality and truth. Literary critic James Wood, argues that "fiction is both artifice and verisimilitude," meaning that it requires both creative invention as well as some acceptable degree of believability,〔Wood, James. 2008. ''How Fiction Works.'' New York. Farrar, Straus & Giroux. p. xiii.〕 a notion often encapsulated in poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge's term, willing suspension of disbelief. Also, infinite fictional possibilities signal the impossibility of fully knowing reality, provocatively demonstrating that is that there is no criterion to measure constructs of reality.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「fiction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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