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Fiddle is another name for the bowed string musical instrument more often called a violin. It is also a colloquial term for the instrument used by players in all genres, including classical music. Fiddle playing, or fiddling, which could refer to various styles of music. There are no real distinctions between violins and fiddles, though more primitively constructed and smaller violins are more likely to be considered fiddles. Fiddle is also a common term among musicians who play folk music on the violin. The fiddle is part of many traditional (folk) styles of music which are aural traditions, taught 'by ear' rather than via written music. It is less common for a classically trained violinist to play folk music, but today, many fiddlers have classical training. ==History== The medieval fiddle emerged in 10th-century Europe, deriving from the Byzantine lira (Greek:''λύρα'', Latin:''lira'', English:''lyre''), a bowed string instrument of the Byzantine Empire and ancestor of most European bowed instruments.〔"fiddle." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 6 March 2009.〕〔Anthony Baines: The Oxford Companion to Musical Instruments. Oxford University Press, USA (November 12, 1992).〕 The first recorded reference to the bowed lira was in the 9th century by the Persian geographer Ibn Khurradadhbih (d. 911); in his lexicographical discussion of instruments he cited the lira (lūrā) as a typical instrument of the Byzantines and equivalent to the rabāb played in the Islamic Empires.〔Margaret J. Kartomi: On Concepts and Classifications of Musical Instruments. Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology, University of Chicago Press, 1990 p. 124.〕 Lira spread widely westward to Europe; in the 11th and 12th centuries European writers use the terms ''fiddle'' and ''lira'' interchangeably when referring to bowed instruments (Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009). Over the centuries, Europe continued to have two distinct types of fiddles: one, relatively square-shaped, held in the arms, became known as the lira da braccio (''arm viol'') family and evolved into the violin; the other, with sloping shoulders and held between the knees, was the lira da gamba (''leg viol'') group. During the Renaissance the gambas were important and elegant instruments; they eventually lost ground to the louder (and originally less aristocratic) ''lira da braccio'' family.〔stringed instrument. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 14, 2009, from (Encyclopædia Britannica Online ) (Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「fiddle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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