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A fireplace is an architectural structure made of brick, stone or metal designed to contain a fire. In the 2010s, fireplaces are used for the relaxing ambiance they create and for heating a room. Modern fireplaces have variable heat efficiency, depending on the sophistication of the design. Historically they were used for heating a dwelling, cooking, and heating water for laundry and domestic uses. A fire is contained in a firebox or firepit; a chimney or other flue allows exhaust to escape. A fireplace may have: a foundation; a hearth; a firebox; a mantelpiece; a chimney crane, used in kitchen and laundry fireplaces; a grate; a lintel; a lintel bar; overmantel; a damper; a smoke chamber; a throat; and a flue. On the exterior there is often a corbeled brick crown, in which the projecting courses of brick act as a drip course to keep rainwater from running down the exterior walls. A cap, hood, or shroud serves to keep rainwater out of the exterior of the chimney; rain in the chimney is a much greater problem in chimneys lined with impervious flue tiles or metal liners than with the traditional masonry chimney, which soaks up all but the most violent rain. Some chimneys have a spark arrestor incorporated into the crown or cap. Organizations like the Environmental Protection Agency and the Washington Department of Ecology warn that, according to various studies, fireplaces can pose a significant health risk.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Health Effects - Burn Wise - US EPA )〕〔 The EPA writes "Smoke may smell good, but it's not good for you."〔 ==Types of fireplaces== * Masonry fireplaces are made from brick or stone. * Manufactured fireplaces are made with sheet metal fire boxes. * Electric fireplaces can be built-in replacements for wood or gas or retrofit with log inserts or electric fireboxes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Best Electric Fireplace Reviews & Buying Guide 2015 )〕 Masonry and prefabricated fireplaces can be fueled by wood, natural gas, biomass and propane fuel sources. Ventless Fireplaces (duct free/room-venting fireplaces) are fueled by either gel, liquid propane, bottled gas or natural gas. In the United States, some states and local counties have laws restricting these types of fireplaces. They must be properly sized to the area to be heated. There are also air quality control issues due to the amount of moisture they release into the room air, and oxygen sensor and carbon monoxide sensors are safety essentials. Direct vent fireplaces are fueled by either liquid propane or natural gas. They are completely sealed from the area that is heated, and vent all exhaust gasses to the exterior of the structure. File:Fireplace Burning.jpg|Wood-burning fireplace File:NT Typical gas log fireplace (5114230942).jpg|A gas-powered fireplace File:Electric_Fireplace.jpg|Electric fireplace Chimney and flue types: * Masonry (brick or stone fireplaces and chimneys) with or without tile-lined flue. * Reinforced concrete chimneys. Fundamental design flaws bankrupted the US manufacturers and made the design obsolete. These chimneys often show vertical cracks on the exterior. * Metal-lined flue: Double or triple walled metal pipe running up inside a new or existing wood-framed or masonry chase. Newly constructed flues may feature a chase cover, a cap, and a spark arrestor at the top to keep small animals out and to prevent sparks from being broadcast into the atmosphere. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「fireplace」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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