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flavonols
Flavonols are a class of flavonoids that have the 3-hydroxyflavone backbone (IUPAC name : 3-hydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one). Their diversity stems from the different positions the phenolic -OH groups. They are distinct from flavanols (with "a") such as catechin, another class of flavonoids.
Flavonols are present in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. In Western populations, estimated daily intake is in the range of 20–50 mg per day for flavonols. Individual intake varies depending on the type of diet consumed.
The phenomenon of dual fluorescence (due to excited state intramolecular proton transfer or ESIPT) is induced by tautomerism of flavonols (and glucosides) and could contribute to plant UV protection and flower colour.〔(Tautomerism of flavonol glucosides: relevance to plant UV protection and flower colour, Gerald J. Smith and Kenneth R. Markham. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, Volume 118, Issue 2, 30 October 1998, Pages 99-105 )〕
==Flavonols==
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