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fleam
A fleam, also flem, flew, flue, fleame, or phleam, was a handheld instrument used for bloodletting.
== History ==
This name for handheld venepuncture devices first appears in Anglo-Saxon manuscripts at around A.D. 1000.〔CJS Thompson: Guide to the Surgical Instruments and Objects in the Historical Series with their History and Development, London, 1929 Taylor and Francis, p40.〕 The name is probably derived from the phlebotome from ''phlebos'', Greek for vein, and ''tome'', meaning to cut.〔Ryland Greene and John Ashurst (eds): Lippincott's Medical Dictionary, Philadelphia, 1906 JB Lippincott Co, p 780.〕 These instruments are the progression from the early use of fish teeth, sharpened stones, and thorns used to penetrate blood vessels. The earliest known examples are made of bronze with a myrtle-leaf shape to the blade. In the 17th and 18th centuries the German ''Fliete'', and French ''flamettes'' were developed. These devices with their right-angle blades are the earliest forms of what collectors would now refer to as the fleam.〔Audrey Davis and Toby Appel (eds): Bloodletting Instruments in the National Museum of History and Technology, Washington DC, 1979 Smithsonian Institution Press, pp 10-11.〕
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