|
Flemish (''Vlaams''), Belgian Dutch (''Belgisch-Nederlands'' ), ''southern Dutch'' (''Zuid-Nederlands''), or ''Flemish Dutch'' (Vlaams-Nederlands) refers to the varieties of the Dutch language spoken in Flanders, the northern part of Belgium,〔(Leidraad van de Taaltelefoon ). Dienst Taaladvies van de Vlaamse Overheid (Department for Language advice of the Flemish government).〕〔Harbert, ''The Germanic Languages'', CUP, 2007〕〔Jan Kooij, "Dutch", in Comrie, ed., ''The World's Major Languages'', 2nd ed. 2009〕 be it standard (as used in schools, government and the media)〔(Speech Rate in a Pluricentric Language: A Comparison Between Dutch in Belgium and the Netherlands (abstract) ). Language and Speech, Vol. 47, No. 3, 297-308 (2004). By Jo Verhoeven, Guy De Pauw, and Hanne Kloots of the University of Antwerp.〕 or informal (as used in daily speech, "'" ).〔(Tussen spreek- en standaardtaal ). Koen Plevoets. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven.〕 There are four principal Dutch dialects in the Flemish region (Flanders): Brabantian, East Flemish, West Flemish and Limburgish.〔Their ISO 639-3 codes are, vls and lim, respectively〕 Despite its name, Brabantian is the dominant contributor to the Flemish Dutch ''tussentaal''. The combined region, culture and people of Dutch-speaking Belgium (which consists of the provinces of West Flanders, East Flanders, Flemish Brabant, Antwerp, and Limburg and, historically, of Brussels) has come to be known as ''Flemish''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=vls )〕 ''Flemish'' is also used to refer to one of the historical languages spoken in the former County of Flanders.〔König & Auwera, eds, ''The Germanic Languages'', Routledge, 1994〕 Linguistically and formally, ''Flemish'' is not and does not refer to a current language or dialect but refers to the region, culture and people of (West) Belgium or Flanders. Flemish people speak (Belgian) ''Dutch'' in Flanders, the Flemish part of Belgium. ''Belgian Dutch'' does have slight differences compared to ''Dutch'' spoken in The Netherlands, mainly in pronunciation, lexicon and expressions. However, very similar differences exist in other languages, like English (Australia, Canada, UK, USA, South-Africa, etc.), French (Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland, etc.), or Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal, etc.). Equally as for those languages, the differences are not significant enough to constitute an individual language (e.g. American, Australian, Canadian and Brazilian have not yet diverted enough from the respective European sources to be considered separate languages). Using the term ''Flemish'' for the language used by Flemings is therefore incorrect: the official language in Flanders is (standard) Dutch.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Language and territoriality in Flanders in a historical and international context publisher=Flanders.be )〕 ==Dutch in Flanders== Dutch is the majority language in Belgium, being spoken natively by three-fifths of the population. It is one of the three national languages of Belgium, together with French and German, and is the only official language of the Flemish Region. The various Dutch dialects spoken in Belgium contain a number of lexical and a few grammatical features which distinguish them from the standard Dutch.〔G. Janssens and A. Marynissen, ''Het Nederlands vroeger en nu'' (Leuven/Voorburg 2005), 155 ff.〕 As in the Netherlands, the pronunciation of Standard Dutch is affected by the native dialect of the speaker. All Dutch dialect groups spoken in Belgium are spoken in adjacent areas of the Netherlands as well. East Flemish forms a continuum with both Brabantic and West Flemish. Standard Dutch is primarily based on the Hollandic dialect (spoken in the Western provinces of the Netherlands) and to a lesser extent on Brabantian, which is the dominant dialect in Flanders, as well as in the South of the Netherlands. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「flemish」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|