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Florence ( ; (イタリア語:Firenze) )〔Alternative obsolete form: ''Fiorenza'' (:fjoˈrɛntsa); Latin: ''Florentia''〕 is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 382,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1,520,000 in the metropolitan area.〔Bilancio demografico anno 2013, dati (ISTAT )〕 Florence is famous for its history: a centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of the time, it is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance, and has been called "the Athens of the Middle Ages".〔Spencer Baynes, L.L.D., and W. Robertson Smith, L.L.D., ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Akron, Ohio: The Werner Company, 1907: p.675〕 A turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful Medici family, and numerous religious and republican revolutions. From 1865 to 1871 the city was the capital of the recently established Kingdom of Italy. The Historic Centre of Florence attracts millions of tourists each year, and Euromonitor International ranked the city as the world's 89th most visited in 2012, with 1.8 million visitors.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Euromonitor International’s top city destinations ranking )〕 It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982. The city is noted for its culture, Renaissance art and architecture and monuments.〔 The city also contains numerous museums and art galleries, such as the Uffizi Gallery and the Palazzo Pitti, and still exerts an influence in the fields of art, culture and politics. Due to Florence's artistic and architectural heritage, it has been ranked by ''Forbes'' as one of the most beautiful cities in the world. Florence is an important city in Italian fashion,〔 being ranked in the top 51 fashion capitals of the world;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=London Edges New York for Top 2012 Global Fashion Capital )〕 furthermore, it is a major national economic centre,〔 as well as a tourist and industrial hub. In 2008, the city had the 17th highest average income in Italy. ==History== Florence originated as a Roman city, and later, after a long period as a flourishing trading and banking medieval commune, it was the birthplace of the Italian Renaissance. According to the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', it was politically, economically, and culturally one of the most important cities in Europe and the world from the 14th to 16th centuries.〔 The language spoken in the city during the 14th century was, and still is, accepted as the Italian language. Almost all the writers and poets in Italian literature of the ''golden age'' are in some way connected with Florence, leading ultimately to the adoption of the Florentine dialect, above all the local dialects, as a literary language of choice.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History of the Italian Language )〕 Starting from the late Middle Ages, Florentine money—in the form of the gold florin—financed the development of industry all over Europe, from Britain to Bruges, to Lyon and Hungary. Florentine bankers financed the English kings during the Hundred Years War, as well as the papacy, including the construction of their provisional capital of Avignon and, after their return to Rome, the reconstruction and Renaissance embellishment of the latter. Florence was home to the Medici, one of history's most important noble families. Lorenzo de' Medici was considered a political and cultural mastermind of Italy in the late 15th century. Two members of the family were popes in the early 16th century: Leo X and Clement VII. Catherine de Medici married king Henry II of France and, after his death in 1559, reigned as regent in France. The Medici reigned as Grand Dukes of Tuscany, starting with Cosimo I de' Medici in 1569 and ending with the death of Gian Gastone de' Medici in 1737. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「florence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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