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Fluconazole is an antifungal medication that is administered orally or intravenously. It is used to treat a variety of fungal infections, especially ''Candida'' infections of the vagina ("yeast infections'), mouth, throat, and bloodstream. It is also used to prevent infections in people with weak immune systems, including those with neutropenia due to cancer chemotherapy, transplant patients, and premature babies. Its mechanism of action involves interfering with synthesis of the fungal cell membrane. Fluconazole was developed by scientists at Pfizer and was first marketed in 1990. It is now available as an inexpensive generic drug. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medication needed in a basic health system. ==Medical Uses== Fluconazole is a first-generation triazole antifungal medication. It differs from earlier azole antifungals (such as ketoconazole) in that its structure contains a triazole ring instead of an imidazole ring. While the imidazole antifungals are mainly used topically, fluconazole and certain other triazole antifungals are preferred when systemic treatment is required because of their improved safety and predictable absorption when administered orally.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=US Pharmacist )〕 Fluconazole's spectrum of activity includes most ''Candida'' species (but not ''Candida krusei'' or ''Candida glabrata''), ''Cryptococcus neoformans'', some dimorphic fungi, and dermatophytes, among others. Common uses include:〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=US Pharmacist )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=US Prescribing Information )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=IDSA Guidelines: ''Candida Infections'' )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=IDSA Guidelines: ''Cryptococcal Infections'' )〕〔Rossi S, editor. Australian Medicines Handbook 2006. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook; 2006. ISBN 0-9757919-2-3〕 * The treatment of non-systemic ''Candida'' infections of the vagina ("yeast infections"), throat, and mouth. * Certain systemic ''Candida'' infections in people with healthy immune systems, including infections of the bloodstream, kidney, or joints. Other antifungals are usually preferred when the infection is in the heart or central nervous system, and for the treatment of active infections in people with weak immune systems. * The prevention of ''Candida'' infections in people with weak immune systems, such as those neutropenic due to cancer chemotherapy, those with advanced HIV infections, transplant patients, and premature infants. * As a second-line agent for the treatment of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, a fungal infection of the central nervous system. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「fluconazole」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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