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foiba
Foiba (plural: foibas or foibe) is a type of deep natural sinkhole, doline, or sink, and is a collapsed portion of bedrock above a void. Sinks may be a sheer vertical opening into a cave, or a shallow depression of many hectares. They are common in the Kras (Carso) region, a karstic plateau region shared by Italy, Slovenia, and Croatia.
==History==
The term "foiba" was used in the 1770s by Italian naturalist Alberto Fortis who wrote a number of books about karst of Dalmatia.〔"(Alberto Fortis and the Istrian Karst, Croatia. in 1770 and 1771 )", ''Acta Carsologica'', 2001, 30/1〕 It is an Italian corruption of the Latin ''fovea'', meaning "pit" or "chasm". They are indeed chasms excavated by water erosion, have the shape of an inverted funnel, and can be up to deep. Such formations number in the hundreds in Istria.
In Carso areas, a doline, sink, or sinkhole is a closed depression draining underground. It can be cylindrical, conical, bowl-shaped or dish-shaped. The diameter ranges from a few to many hundreds of metres. The name "doline" comes from ''dolina'', the Slovenian word for this very common feature. The term "foiba" may also refer to a deep wide chasm of a river at the place where it goes underground.〔(Glossary of speleology: letter F )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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