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fonds
In archival science, a fonds is the aggregation of documents that originate from the same source.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Archives Glossary )〕 More specifically, a fonds distinguishes itself from a collection through its organic nature, as archival documents that have been naturally accumulated (made or received) by an individual, company, institution, etc. as a byproduct of business or day-to-day activities.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Using the Archives )〕
In modern archival practice, the fonds is generally the highest level of arrangement, and is usually used to describe the whole of the archives of an organisation or the papers of an individual. It may be divided into sub-fonds, generally the records of different branches of an organisation or major themes within the papers of an individual. These are in turn further subdivided into series (which may in a smaller archive come directly below a fonds without the presence of a sub-fonds), usually used for groupings of individual types of documents (minutes, correspondence files, deeds, etc.), sub-series, files, and items. An item is the smallest archival unit, and is usually physically indivisible (a single volume or letter, for instance). It is technically possible to add an infinite number of ''subs'' to the fonds, series or file, but in practice it is actually rare for more than one to be used.
The term ''fonds'' originated in French archival practice, but has now spread to English-speaking countries as well. In some countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada, it has officially replaced the misleading term collection, which used to be used for this level and is now only used for document aggregations assembled, but not created, by a collector. In the United States, archivists still often use the terms "collection" and "record group" for comparable levels of archival materials.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Glossary of Archival and Records Terminology )〕
The important principle that the way in which records are arranged and catalogued in an archive should be dictated by their origin and the administrative processes that created them is known as ''respect des fonds''.
==Footnotes==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「fonds」の詳細全文を読む
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