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A formateur (French for ''someone who shapes'') is a politician who is appointed by the head of state to lead the formation of a coalition government, after either a general election or the collapse of a previous government. The role of the formateur is especially important in the politics of Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy, Israel, and the Czech Republic. These countries have a parliamentary system, where the executive is elected by the legislature. They also use proportional representation for elections to parliament, and have a multiparty system that makes it improbable for one party to win an outright majority. There may be several combinations of parties which might form a coalition. The formateur most often comes from the largest party in the future coalition (although an even larger party may remain in the opposition) and generally becomes the new head of government if the formation succeeds. In a constitutional monarchy this appointment is an exercise of reserve power, and remains one of the rare moments when a mostly ceremonial monarch may play a significant political role. In game theory and political science, the term ''formateur party'' is used to describe the party that makes a proposal in a bargaining process, most often when modeling a government formation. ==Informateur== The formateur's work may be preceded by one or more ''informateur''s, also appointed by the head of state. The informateur is not expected to finalize a coalition, but attempts to find enough points of agreement to identify a likely coalition, from which a formateur is then selected. The informateur should be someone not otherwise considered for ministerial office, although some do obtain a portfolio in the future government. The role is often filled by a retired statesperson of some stature, often a former government minister or party leader. These positions are not described in any law, but they tend to become part of political tradition. Informateurs have become customary in Belgium and the Netherlands since the 1950s. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「formateur」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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