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formoterol
Formoterol (INN) or eformoterol (former BAN) is a long-acting β2 agonist used in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is marketed in four forms: a dry-powder inhaler, a metered-dose inhaler, an oral tablet, and an inhalation solution, under various trade names including Foradil/Foradile (Schering-Plough in the U.S., Novartis rest of world), Forpack Discair (Neutec inhaler), and Oxeze/Oxis. It is also marketed in the combination formulation budesonide/formoterol.
Formoterol is a long-acting β2 agonist (LABA) that has an extended duration of action (up to 12 hours) compared to short-acting β2 agonists such as salbutamol, which are effective for 4–6 hours. LABAs such as formoterol are used as "symptom controllers" to supplement prophylactic corticosteroid therapy (e.g., fluticasone). A "reliever" short-acting β2 agonist (e.g., salbutamol) is still required, since LABAs are not recommended for the treatment of acute asthma.
==Mechanism of action==
Inhaled formoterol works like other β2 agonists, causing bronchodilation by relaxing the smooth muscle in the airway so as to treat the exacerbation of asthma. The long duration of formoterol action occurs because the formoterol molecules initially diffuse into the plasma membrane of the lung cells, and then are slowly released back outside, where they can come into contact with β2 adrenergic receptors. Formoterol has been demonstrated to have a faster onset of action than salmeterol as a result of lower lipophilicity, and has also been demonstrated to be more potent – a 12 µg dose of formoterol has been demonstrated to be equivalent to a 50 µg dose of salmeterol.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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