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fotonovela
==History==
The documented history of the fotonovela is varied, although it is known that the Hispanic/Latino fotonovela dates back to the early 1940s in correlation with the rise in popularity of film. Initially produced in Italy and Spain, Latin-American countries began manufacturing fotonovelas that featured original stories that were not based on cinema productions. However, during the 1940s, the fotonovela was used as a tactile, visual representation of a film.〔Carrillo L., Thomas T. (1983). "The fotonovela as a cultural bridge for Hispanic Women in the United States," ''Journal of Popular Culture''. Vol. 17(3).〕 Unlike the motion picture they represented, fotonovelas did not require special apparatuses to access its content, therefore, they usually enjoyed a longer life than a movie by being loaned, traded and resold throughout a community.〔Hill, J. & Browner, C. (1982). Gender ambiguity and class stereotyping in the Mexican fotonovela. Studies in Latin American Popular Culture, 1:48-64.〕 By the 1960s, approximately 23 movies were featured in fotonovela format but nearly three times as many fotonovelas with original content were circulating throughout Mexico, Central and South America.〔 Toward the later 1980s, Mexico was publishing approximately 70 million fotonovelas per month.〔Herner, Irene. Mitos y onitors: Historietas y Fotonovelas en Mexico. Mexico, D.F.: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 1979.〕 In recent decades fotonovela production has declined although several fotonovelas are reprinted and new fotonovelas are still in development.
The separation of movie and fotonovela led the genre into three distinct styles. The first, novelas rosas with dramatic themes centered on true love, marriage and family. The second, novela suave, usually depicted middle class life and its struggles. The third, and most frequently used style, are novelas verdes. Novelas verdes place a large emphasis on sex and violence and often illustrate pornographic material.〔Flora, C. (1985). The fotonovela in America. Studies in Latin American Popular Culture, 4, 84-94.〕 The popularity of the novelas verdes sparked a format change for the medium. Since readers wanted to enjoy the pornographic images of novelas verdes without reproach, producers began creating pocket-sized novelas verdes that could be concealed in a newspaper.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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