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fynbos
Fynbos (; ) is the natural shrubland or heathland vegetation occurring in a small belt of the Western Cape of South Africa, mainly in winter rainfall coastal and mountainous areas with a Mediterranean climate. The fynbos ecoregion is within the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome. In fields related to biogeography, fynbos is known for its exceptional degree of biodiversity and endemism.
==Overview and history==
The word fynbos is often confusingly said to mean "fine bush" in Afrikaans, as "bos" means "bush". Typical fynbos foliage is ericoid rather than fine. The term, in its pre-Afrikaans, Dutch form, ''fynbosch'', was recorded by Noble as being in casual use in the late 19th century.〔Noble, John. Descriptive handbook of the Cape Colony: its condition and resources Publisher: Juta 1875 it may be downloaded from: https://archive.org/details/descriptivehandb00nobl〕 In the early 20th century, John Bews referred to: "South-Western or Cape Region of Macchia or Fynbosch". He said: "In this well-known region where the rain occurs in winter and the summers are more or less dry, the dominant vegetation is of a sclerophyllous type and there is little or no natural grassland, though there are many grasses..."〔Bews, John William. The grasses and grasslands of South Africa Publisher: Pietermaritzburg, P. David & Sons, Ltd., Printers 1918 May be downloaded from: https://archive.org/details/grassesgrassland00bews〕 He also refers to a high degree of endemism in the grasses in that region. Elsewhere he speaks of the term as "...applied by the inhabitants of the Cape to any sort of small woodland growth that does not include timber trees"; in the current vernacular, this still is the effective sense of the word.〔 However, in the technical, ecological sense, the constraints are more demanding. In the latter half of the 20th century, "fynbos" gained currency as the term for the "distinctive vegetation of the southwestern Cape".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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