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gabbro
Gabbro refers to a large group of dark, often phaneritic (coarse-grained), mafic intrusive igneous rocks chemically equivalent to basalt. It forms when molten magma is trapped beneath the Earth's surface and slowly cools into a holocrystalline mass.
Much of the Earth's oceanic crust is made of gabbro, formed at mid-ocean ridges. Gabbro is also found as plutons associated with continental volcanism. Due to its variant nature, the term "gabbro" may be applied loosely to a wide range of intrusive rocks, many of which are merely "gabbroic".
==Etymology==
The term "gabbro" was used in the 1760s to name a set of rock types that were found in the ophiolites of the Apennine Mountains in Italy.〔Bortolotti, V. et al. ''Chapter 11: Ophiolites, Ligurides and the tectonic evolution from spreading to convergence of a Mesozoic Western Tethys segment'' in F. Vai, G.P. and Martini, I.P. (editors) (2001) ''Anatomy of an Orogen: The Apennines and Adjacent Mediterranean Basins'', Dordrecht, Springer Science and Business Media, page 151. ISBN 978-90-481-4020-6〕 Then, in 1809, the German geologist Christian Leopold von Buch used the term more restrictively in his description of these Italian ophiolitic rocks.〔Bortolotti, V. et al. ''Chapter 11: Ophiolites, Ligurides and the tectonic evolution from spreading to convergence of a Mesozoic Western Tethys segment'' in F. Vai, G.P. and Martini, I.P. (editors) (2001) ''Anatomy of an Orogen: The Apennines and Adjacent Mediterranean Basins'', Dordrecht, Springer Science and Business Media, page 152. ISBN 978-90-481-4020-6〕 He assigned the name "gabbro" to rocks that geologists nowadays would more strictly call "metagabbro" (metamorphosed gabbro).〔(''Gabbro'' ) at SandAtlas geology blog. Retrieved on 2015-07-09.〕 Von Buch named gabbro after Gabbro, a village in Rosignano Marittimo municipality of Tuscany.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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