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Galinstan is a commercial liquid metal alloy whose composition is taken from a family of eutectic alloys mainly consisting of gallium, indium, and tin. Such eutectic alloys are liquids at room temperature, typically melting at . Due to the low toxicity and low reactivity of its component metals, galinstan finds use as a replacement for many applications that previously employed the toxic liquid mercury or the reactive NaK (sodium-potassium alloy). An example of a typical eutectic composition is 68 wt% Ga, 22 wt% In and 10 wt% Sn, though it varies between 62 wt% to 95 wt% Ga, 5 wt% to 22 wt% In, 0 wt% to 16 wt% Sn while keeping eutectic ability. The marketing name is a portmanteau of gallium, indium, and stannum (Latin for "tin"). Galinstan is a registered trademark of the German company Geratherm Medical AG. The exact composition of Galinstan is not publicly known. ==Physical properties== *Boiling point: >1300 °C *Melting point: −19 °C (according to the Geratherm MSDS;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= The Galinstan fluid MSDS )〕 see Melting point controversy) *Vapour pressure: <10−8 Torr (at 500 °C) *Density: 6.44 g/cm3 (at 20 °C) *Solubility: Insoluble in water or organic solvents *Viscosity: 0.0024 Pa·s (at 20 °C) *Thermal conductivity: 16.5 W·m−1·K−1 *Electrical conductivity: 3.46x106 S/m (at 20 °C)〔 *Surface tension: s = 0.718 N/m (at 20 °C)〔 Galinstan tends to wet and adhere to many materials, including glass, which limits its use compared to mercury. Galinstan is commercially used as a mercury replacement in thermometers due to its nontoxic properties, but the inner tube must be coated with gallium oxide to prevent the alloy from wetting the glass surface. Galinstan may be used as thermal interface for computer hardware cooling solutions, though its cost and aggressivity (it corrodes many other metals such as aluminium by dissolving them) are major obstacles for widespread use. It is also electrically conductive, thus needs to be applied more carefully than regular insulating compounds. Galinstan has higher reflectivity and lower density than mercury; it is investigated as a replacement for mercury in liquid mirror telescopes for astronomy. It is difficult to use for cooling fission-based nuclear reactors, because indium has a high absorption cross section for thermal neutrons, efficiently absorbing them and inhibiting the fission reaction. Conversely, it is being investigated as a possible coolant for fusion reactors. Unlike other liquid metals used in this application, such as lithium and mercury, the nonreactivity makes Galinstan a safer material to use. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「galinstan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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