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galli
A ''Gallus'' (pl. ''Galli'') was a eunuch priest of the Phrygian goddess Cybele and her consort Attis, whose worship was incorporated into the state religious practices of ancient Rome.
==About the Galli==
The first Galli arrived in Rome when the Senate officially adopted Cybele as a state goddess in 204 BC.〔Luther H. Martin, ''(Hellenistic Religions: An Introduction )'', Oxford University Press, 1987, ISBN 019504391X p. 83〕 Roman citizens were prohibited from becoming Galli, which meant that they were all orientals or slaves. Under Claudius, this ban was lifted.〔Maarten J. Vermaseren, ''(Cybele and Attis: the myth and the cult )'', translated by A. M. H. Lemmers, London: Thames and Hudson, 1977, p.96: "Furthermore Cybele was to be served by only oriental priests; Roman citizens were not allowed to serve until the times of Claudius."〕 Eventually Domitian reaffirmed that Roman citizens were forbidden to practice ''eviratio'' (castration).〔Maarten J. Vermaseren, ''Cybele and Attis: the myth and the cult'', translated by A. M. H. Lemmers, London: Thames and Hudson, 1977, p.97.〕
The Galli castrated themselves during an ecstatic celebration called the Dies sanguinis, or "Day of Blood", which took place on March 24.〔Maarten J. Vermaseren, ''Cybele and Attis: the myth and the cult'', translated by A. M. H. Lemmers, London: Thames and Hudson, 1977, p.115: "The Day of Blood (''dies sanguinis'') is the name given to the ceremonies on 24 March. On this day the priests flagellated themselves until the blood came 662 and with it they
sprinkled the effigy and the altars in the temple."〕 At the same time they put on women's costume, mostly yellow in colour, and a sort of turban, together with pendants and ear-rings. They also wore their hair long, and bleached, and wore heavy make-up. They wandered around with followers, begging for charity, in return for which they were prepared to tell fortunes. On the day of mourning for Attis they ran around wildly and disheveled. They performed dances to the music of pipes and tambourines, and, in an ecstasy, flogged themselves until they bled.〔
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