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gamboge
Gamboge ( , , or )〔''Oxford English Dictionary'', 2nd Ed. (1989)〕 is a partially transparent deep saffron to mustard yellow pigment.〔Other forms and spellings are: cambodia, cambogium, camboge, cambugium, gambaugium, gambogia, gambozia, gamboidea, gambogium, gumbouge, gambouge, gamboge, gambooge, gambugia. (Oxford English Dictionary)〕 It is used to dye Buddhist monks' robes because the color is a deep tone of saffron, the traditional color used for the robes of Theravada Buddhist monks.
==Production==
Gamboge is most often extracted by tapping resin (sometimes incorrectly referred to as sap) from various species of evergreen trees of the family ''Clusiaceae'' (also known as ''Guttiferae''). The tree most commonly used is the gamboge tree (genus ''Garcinia''), including ''G. hanburyi'' (Cambodia and Thailand), ''G. morella'' (India and Sri Lanka), and ''G. elliptica'' and ''G. heterandra'' (Myanmar). The orange fruit of ''Garcinia gummi-gutta'' (formerly called ''G. cambogia'') is also known as gamboge〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gamboge: Garcinia cambogia )〕 or gambooge.
The trees must be at least ten years old before they are tapped. The resin is extracted by making spiral incisions in the bark, and by breaking off leaves and shoots and letting the milky yellow resinous gum drip out. The resulting latex is collected in hollow bamboo canes.〔 After the resin is congealed, the bamboo is broken away and large rods of raw gamboge remain.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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