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A gambrel or gambrel roof is a usually symmetrical two-sided roof with two slopes on each side. The upper slope is positioned at a shallow angle, while the lower slope is steep. This design provides the advantages of a sloped roof while maximizing headroom inside the building's upper level and shortening what would otherwise be a tall roof. The name comes from the Medieval Latin word ''gamba'', meaning ''horse's hock or leg''.〔〔 The term gambrel is of American origin,〔Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., Gambrel:4.〕 the older, European name being a curb (kerb, kirb) roof. Europeans historically did not distinguish between a gambrel roof and a mansard roof but called both types a mansard. In the U.S.A., various shapes of gambrel roofs are sometimes called Dutch gambrel or Dutch Colonial gambrel with bell-cast eaves, Swedish ~, German ~, English ~ , French ~, or New England gambrel. The cross-section of a gambrel roof is similar to that of a mansard roof, but a gambrel has vertical gable ends instead of being hipped at the four corners of the building. A gambrel roof overhangs the façade, whereas a mansard normally does not. ==Origin and use of the term== ''Gambrel'' is a Norman English word, sometimes spelled gambol such as in the 1774 Boston carpenters' price book (revised 1800). Other spellings include gamerel, gamrel, gambril, gameral, gambering, cambrel, cambering, chambrel〔A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles: Founded Mainly ..., Volume 4. p. 36.〕 referring to a wooden bar used by butchers to hang the carcasses of slaughtered animals.〔 Butcher's gambrels, later made of metal, resembled the two-sloped appearance of a gambrel roof when in use.〔 Gambrel is also a term for the joint in the upper part of a horse's hind leg, the hock. In 1858, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. wrote: An earlier reference from the ''Dictionary of Americanisms'', published in 1848, defines ''gambrel'' as "A hipped roof of a house, so called from the resemblance to the hind leg of a horse which by farriers is termed the ''gambrel''."〔 Websters Dictionary also confusingly used the term hip in the definition of this roof. The term is also used for a single mansard roof in France and Germany. In Dutch the term 'two-sided mansard roof' is used for gambrel roofs. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「gambrel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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