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gang
A gang is a group of recurrently associating individuals or close friends or family with identifiable leadership and internal organization, identifying with or claiming control over territory in a community, and engaging either individually or collectively in violent or illegal behavior.〔Miller, 1975, p.9)〕 Some criminal gang members are "jumped in" or have to prove their loyalty by committing acts such as theft or violence. A member of a gang may be called a gangster or a thug.
==Definition==
In early usage, the word ''gang'' referred to a group of workmen. In the United Kingdom, the word is still often used in this sense, but it later underwent pejoration. In current usage, it typically denotes a criminal organization or else a criminal affiliation. The word ''gang'' often carries a negative connotation; however, within a gang which defines itself in opposition to mainstream norms, members may adopt the phrase as a statement of identity or defiance.
The word "gang" derives from the past participle of Old English ''gan'', meaning "to go". It is cognate with Old Norse ''gangster'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=gang )〕 meaning "journey."〔Cleasby/Vigfusson ''An Icelandic-English Dictionary'' (1874); (GÖNGUDRYKKJA -- GARÐR )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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