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gardenia
''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, southern Asia, Australasia and Oceania.
The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis after Dr. Alexander Garden (1730-1791), a Scottish-born American naturalist.〔Ellis, John (1759). () "An Account of the Plants Halesia and Gardenia: In a Letter from John Ellis, Esq; F. R. S. to Philip Carteret Webb, Esq; F. R. S."
Phil Trans R Soc 1759 51: 929-935.〕
They are evergreen shrubs and small trees growing to tall. The leaves are opposite or in whorls of three or four, long and broad, dark green and glossy with a leathery texture. The flowers are solitary or in small clusters, white, or pale yellow, with a tubular-based corolla with 5-12 lobes (petals) from diameter. Flowering is from about mid-spring to mid-summer, and many species are strongly scented.
== Species ==
''The Plant List'' recognises 140 accepted species (including infraspecific names):
* ''Gardenia actinocarpa''
* ''Gardenia anapetes''
* ''Gardenia angkorensis''
* ''Gardenia annamensis''
* ''Gardenia aqualla''
* ''Gardenia archboldiana''
* ''Gardenia artensis''
* ''Gardenia aubryi''
* ''Gardenia barnesii''
* ''Gardenia beamanii''
* ''Gardenia boninensis''
* ''Gardenia brachythamnus''
* ''Gardenia brighamii'' - ''Nānū'' (Hawaii)
* ''Gardenia buffalina'' (= ''Genipa buffalina'')
* ''Gardenia cambodiana''
* ''Gardenia candida''
* ''Gardenia carinata'' India, Malaya.
* ''Gardenia carstensensis''
* ''Gardenia chanii''
* ''Gardenia chevalieri''
* ''Gardenia clemensiae''
* ''Gardenia collinsae''
* ''Gardenia colnettiana''
* ''Gardenia conferta''
* ''Gardenia cornuta'' (Natal Gardenia). South Africa.
* ''Gardenia coronaria''
* ''Gardenia costulata''
* ''Gardenia crameri''
* ''Gardenia cuneata''
* ''Gardenia dacryoides''
* ''Gardenia deplanchei''
* ''Gardenia dolichantha''
* ''Gardenia elata''
* ''Gardenia epiphytica''
* ''Gardenia erubescens''
* ''Gardenia esculenta''
* ''Gardenia ewartii''
* ''Gardenia faucicola''
* ''Gardenia fiorii''
* ''Gardenia flava'' (= ''Genipa flava'')
* ''Gardenia forsteniana''
* ''Gardenia fosbergii''
* ''Gardenia fucata''
* ''Gardenia fusca''
* ''Gardenia gardneri''
* ''Gardenia gjellerupii''
* ''Gardenia gordonii''
* ''Gardenia grandis''
* ''Gardenia grievei''
* ''Gardenia griffithii''
* ''Gardenia gummifera'' India. Small tree, to 3 m high.
* ''Gardenia hageniana''
* ''Gardenia hainanensis''
* ''Gardenia hansemannii''
* ''Gardenia hillii''
* ''Gardenia hutchinsoniana'' – Fiji
* ''Gardenia imperialis'' Tropical Africa. Small tree to 12 m.
*
* subsp. ''physophylla''
* ''Gardenia invaginata''
* ''Gardenia ixorifolia''
* ''Gardenia jabiluka''
* ''Gardenia jasminoides'' (Common Gardenia, Cape Jasmine or Cape Jessamine). Southern China and Japan.
* ''Gardenia kakaduensis''
* ''Gardenia kamialiensis''
* ''Gardenia lacciflua''
* ''Gardenia lamingtonii''
* ''Gardenia lanutoo''
* ''Gardenia latifolia'' India. Shrub or tree, 5–10 m high.
* ''Gardenia leopoldiana''
* ''Gardenia leschenaultii''
* ''Gardenia magnifica''
* ''Gardenia mannii'' (Hawaii)
* ''Gardenia maugaloae''
* ''Gardenia megasperma''
* ''Gardenia mollis''
* ''Gardenia moszkowskii''
* ''Gardenia mutabilis''
* ''Gardenia ngoyensis''
* ''Gardenia nitida''
* ''Gardenia obtusifolia''
* ''Gardenia ornata''
* ''Gardenia oudiepe''
* ''Gardenia ovularis''
* ''Gardenia pallens''
* ''Gardenia panduriformis''
* ''Gardenia papuana''
* ''Gardenia philastrei''
* ''Gardenia posoquerioides''
* ''Gardenia propinqua''
* ''Gardenia pseudoternifolia''
* ''Gardenia psidioides''
* ''Gardenia pterocalyx''
* ''Gardenia pyriformis''
*
* subsp. ''keartlandii''
* ''Gardenia racemulosa''
* ''Gardenia reinwardtiana''
* ''Gardenia remyi'' (Hawaii)
* ''Gardenia resinifera'' (Brilliant Gardenia, Cambi Resin Tree, or ''dikamali'') India. Shrub or small tree, to 3 m high. (= ''G. lucida, Genipa resinifera'')
* ''Gardenia resiniflua'' (Gummy Gardenia). South Africa.
* ''Gardenia resinosa''
* ''Gardenia rupicola''
* ''Gardenia rutenbergiana'' (= ''Genipa rutenbergiana'')
* ''Gardenia saxatilis''
* ''Gardenia scabrella'' far north Queensland- used in amenities plantings in Cairns
* ''Gardenia schlechteri''
* ''Gardenia schwarzii''
* ''Gardenia sericea''
* ''Gardenia similis''
* ''Gardenia siphonocalyx''
* ''Gardenia sokotensis''
* ''Gardenia sootepensis''
* ''Gardenia stenophylla''
* ''Gardenia stipulosa''
* ''Gardenia storckii''
* ''Gardenia subacaulis''
* ''Gardenia subcarinata''
* ''Gardenia succosa''
* ''Gardenia taitensis'' (Tahitian Gardenia, ''Tiare māori''). Polynesia.
* ''Gardenia tannaensis''
* ''Gardenia ternifolia'' (Large-leaved Transvaal Gardenia). Sudano-Zambezian savannas and woodlands.
*
* var. ''goetzei''
*
* subsp. ''jovis-tonantis'' (= ''G. jovis-tonantis'', ''Genipa jovis-tonantis'')
* ''Gardenia tessellaris''
* ''Gardenia thailandica''
* ''Gardenia thunbergia'' (White Gardenia, Forest Gardenia, or ''witkatjiepiering'') South Africa. Shrub or small tree, 2–5 m high.
* ''Gardenia tinneae''
* ''Gardenia transvenulosa''
* ''Gardenia trochainii''
* ''Gardenia tropidocarpa''
* ''Gardenia truncata''
* ''Gardenia tubifera'' (Golden Gardenia). Southeastern Asia. Small tree to 15 m high.
* ''Gardenia urvillei''
* ''Gardenia vernicosa''
* ''Gardenia vilhelmii''
* ''Gardenia vitiensis'' (Fijian Gardenia) Fiji.
* ''Gardenia vogelii''
* ''Gardenia volkensii'' (Transvaal Gardenia or Savanna Gardenia). Tropical Africa.
*
* var. ''saundersiae''
*
* subsp. ''spathulifolia''
* ''Gardenia vulcanica''
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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