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''Gātha'' is a Sanskrit term for "song" or "verse", especially referring to any poetic metre which is used in legends, and is not part of the Vedas but peculiar to either Epic Sanskrit or to Prakrit.〔Sujit Mukherjee (1998), ''A Dictionary of Indian Literature'' Hyderabad: Orient Longman ISBN – 81-250-1453-5 page 110〕 The word is originally derived from the Sanskrit/Prakrit root ''gai'', which means, to speak, sing, recite or extol, cognate to the Avestan term ''gatha''.〔Amaresh Datta (1988) ''Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 2'' Chennai: Sahitya Academy ISBN 81-260-1194-7 p. 1373〕 The stanzas of the Prakrit dialects of Ardhamagadhi, Sauraseni and Pāli are known as ''gathas'' as opposed to ''shlokas'' and Sutras of Sanskrit and ''Dohas'' of ''Apabhramsha''. Most of the Jain and Buddhist texts written in Prakrit are composed of ''gathas'' (or verses/stanzas). Thus, ''gatha'' can mean any Prakrit and Pali verses in general,〔Amaresh Datta (1988) ''Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. 2'' Chennai: Sahitya Academy ISBN 81-260-1194-7 p. 1374〕 or specifically the arya meter of Sanskrit, versified portions of Pali canon ''(Tipitaka)'' of Theravāda Buddhism are also specifically called ''gathas''. In contemporary Buddhist practice as popularized (and derived from the Zen and Theravādin traditions) by Zen Master Thich Nhat Hanh, a gatha is a verse recited (usually mentally, not aloud) in rhythm with the breath as part of mindfulness practice, either in daily life, or as part of meditation or meditative study.〔The Blooming of a Lotus: Guided Meditation Exercises for Healing and Transformation, by Thich Nhat Hanh, (Beacon Press, Boston, MA USA 1993) ISBN 0-8070-1222-X〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「gatha」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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