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gaucho
''Gaucho'' () or ''gaúcho'' () is a resident of the South American pampas, Gran Chaco, or Patagonian grasslands, found mainly in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Southeastern Bolivia, Southern Brazil and Southern Chile. In Brazil, ''gaúcho'' is also the main demonym of the people from the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In the Argentine pampas gauchos are the main workers on an ''estancia''. Their duty is to herd cattle all year round. They are excellent horsemen. They also use different types of weapons like the bola and lassos for herding cattle.
Gaucho is an equivalent of the North American "cowboy" (''vaquero'', in Spanish), the Chilean ''huaso'', the Peruvian ''chalan'', the Cuban ''guajiro'', the Puerto Rican ''jibaro'', the Venezuelan or Colombian ''llanero'', the Ecuadorian ''chagra'', the Hawaiian ''paniolo'', and the Mexican ''charro'', which are terms that often connote the 19th century more than the present day; then, ''gauchos'' made up the majority of the rural population, herding cattle on the vast ''estancias'', and practicing hunting as their main economic activities.
The gaucho is a nationalistic symbol in both Argentina and Uruguay. Gauchos became greatly admired and renowned in legends, folklore and in literature and became an important part of their regional cultural tradition. Beginning late in the 19th century, after the heyday of the gauchos, they were celebrated by South American writers.
==Etymology==
There are several hypotheses concerning the origin of the term. It may derive from the Spanish term ''chaucho'' (in turn derived from Arabic ''chauia'' which means herdsman). The first recorded use of the term dates to Argentine independence in 1816. Another scenario indicates the word may derive from the Portuguese ''gaudério'', which was designated to the inhabitants of the vast regions of Rio Grande do Sul and Río de la Plata in the 18th century or the Portuguese ''garrucho'' that points to an instrument used by the gauchos to trap and hamstring cattle. Another possible origin of the word could be the Moorish word ''hawsh'' which was possibly used to designate the shepherd and the wanderer, pointing to the possible influence of Moorish immigrants in the Gaucho region. The 18th century chronicler Alonso Carrió de la Vandera speaks of "Gauderios" when it mentions the Gauchos or "Huasos" as poorly dressed men.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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