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geis
In Irish mythology and folklore, a ''geis'' (; ; plural ''geasa'') is an idiosyncratic taboo, whether of obligation or prohibition, similar to being under a vow or spell. The Scottish Gaelic spelling "''geas''" is also common.〔Michael Quinion, (World Wide Words ) (accessed 8 November 2010〕
==''Geis'' in Irish Mythology==
A ''geis'' can be compared with a curse or, paradoxically, a gift. If someone under a ''geis'' violates the associated taboo, the infractor will suffer dishonor or even death. On the other hand, the observing of one's ''geasa'' is believed to bring power. Often it is women who place ''geasa'' upon men. In some cases the woman turns out to be a goddess or other sovereignty figure.〔MacKillop, James (1998) ''A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology''. Oxford, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-280120-1 p.249〕
The ''geis'' is often a key device in hero tales, such as that of Cúchulainn in Irish mythology. Traditionally, the doom of heroes comes about due to their violation of their ''geis'', either by accident, or by having multiple ''geasa'' and then being placed in a position where they have no option but to violate one ''geis'' in order to maintain another. For instance, Cúchulainn has a ''geis'' to never eat dog meat, and he is also bound by a ''geis'' to eat any food offered to him by a woman. When a hag offers him dog meat, he has no way to emerge from the situation unscathed; this leads to his death.〔〔MacKillop (1998) pp.115-117〕
A beneficial ''geis'' might involve a prophecy that a person would die in a particular way; the particulars of their death in the vision might be so bizarre that the person could then avoid their fate for many years.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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