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Gelignite (), also known as blasting gelatin or simply jelly, is an explosive material consisting of collodion-cotton (a type of nitrocellulose or gun cotton) dissolved in either nitroglycerine or nitroglycol and mixed with wood pulp and saltpetre (sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate). It was invented in 1875 by Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, who had also invented dynamite and left a will that led to the creation of the Nobel Prizes. Unlike dynamite, gelignite does not suffer from the dangerous problem of ''sweating'', the leaking of unstable nitroglycerine from the solid matrix. Its composition makes it easily moldable and safe to handle without protection, as long as it is not near anything capable of detonating it. One of the cheapest explosives, it burns slowly and cannot explode without a detonator, so it can be stored safely.〔(Irish Industrial Explosives Limited website ); accessed 28 July 2014.〕 In the United Kingdom an explosives certificate, issued by the local Chief Officer of Police, is required for possession of gelignite.〔CITB Construction Ste safety, A13 Statutory Forms〕 Due to its widespread civilian use in quarries and mining, it has historically been often used by irregular or paramilitary groups such as the Irish Republican Army, and, less frequently, by British loyalists.〔(Houses of the Oireachtas, Joint Committee on Justice, Equality, Defence and Women's Rights, Interim Report on the Report of the Independent Commission of Inquiry into the Dublin and Monaghan Bombings (The Barron Report), December 2003 ), Appendices: ''The Hidden Hand: The Forgotten Massacre'', pp. 64-71; retrieved 7 October 2011.〕 ==Frangex== The 1970s saw Irish Industrial Explosives Limited producing annually 6000 tonnes of Frangex, a commercial gelignite intended for use in mines and quarries. It was produced at Ireland's largest explosives factory in Enfield, County Meath. The Gardaí and the Irish Army patrolled the area, preventing the IRA from gaining direct access. However, indirectly the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) acquired amounts of the material. was found in the possession of Patrick Magee at the time of his arrest〔Stewart Tendler, "Brighton charge: man in court today", ''The Times'', 1 July 1985.〕 and discovered in a hijacked road tanker in January 1976.〔Christopher Walker, "Dublin Government embarrassed by Ulster explosives haul as hunt for source continues", ''The Times'', 20 January 1976.〕 PIRA volunteer, later informer, Sean O'Callaghan estimated that planting of Frangex would kill everyone within a radius.〔Whitaker, James, "John and Norma aghast at wedding", ''The Daily Mirror'', 23 May 1998; accessed 23 June 2015.〕 The Real IRA (RIRA) also acquired Frangex, and, in December 2000, 80 sticks were discovered on a farm in Kilmacow, County Kilkenny, near Waterford.〔(BBC coverage of gelignite recovery in Ireland ), bbc.co.uk; accessed 28 July 2014.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「gelignite」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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