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Gelotophobia is a fear of being laughed at, a type of social phobia. While most people do not like being laughed at, there is a sub-group of people that exceedingly fear being laughed at. Without obvious reasons, they relate laughter they hear, such as in a restaurant, to themselves and are uneasy. Since 2008, this phenomenon has attracted attention from scholars in psychology, sociology, and psychiatry, and has been studied intensively. In his clinical observations, Dr. Michael Titze〔Titze, M. (1996). "The Pinocchio Complex: Overcoming the fear of laughter". ''Humor & Health Journal'' 5, 1-11.〕 found that some of his patients seemed to be primarily worried about being laughed at. They tended to scan their environment for signs of laughter and ridicule. Furthermore, they reported that they had the impression of being ridiculous themselves. Additionally, Titze observed a specific movement pattern among them when they thought they were being laughed at—awkward, wooden movements that resembled those of wooden puppets. He described this state as “Pinocchio-syndrome”. Two other behaviours related to laughter are gelotophilia - ''the joy of being laughed at'' and katagelasticism - ''the joy of laughing at others''. == Causes and consequences of gelotophobia== From the clinical observations a model of the causes and consequences of gelotophobia was drawn up 〔Ruch, W. (2004). "Gelotophobia: A useful new concept?" Paper presented at the 2004 Colloquium Series, Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley USA.〕 so that the condition could be studied scientifically. The model claims that gelotophobia can be caused by any one of three things at different stages of development: The putative causes of gelotophobia: * In infancy: development of primary shame failure to develop an interpersonal bridge i.e. failing infant–caregiver interactions * In childhood & youth: repeated traumatic experiences of not being taken seriously i.e. being laughed at/ridiculed, for example, being bullied. * In adulthood: intense traumatic experience of being laughed at or ridiculed e.g. bullying. The consequences of gelotophobia: * Social withdrawal to avoid being ridiculed * Appear ‘cold as ice’/ humourless * Psychosomatic disturbances e.g. blushing, tension headache, trembling, dizziness, sleep disturbances * ‘Pinocchio Syndrome’ congeal, clumsy, ‘agelotic’ face, ‘wooden puppet * Lack of liveliness, spontaneity, joy * Humour/laughter are not relaxing and joyful social experiences * anger; when they are laughed at by other people , in some cases this results in violent attacks on the persons whom were laughing 〔("Gelotophobia: living a life in fear of laughter" ), ''BBC News,'' 26 June 2014〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「gelotophobia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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