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gematria
Gematria (Greek: meaning ''geometry'') is an Assyro-Babylonian-Greek system of code and numerology later adopted into Jewish culture that assigns numerical value to a word or phrase in the belief that words or phrases with identical numerical values bear some relation to each other or bear some relation to the number itself as it may apply to nature, a person's age, the calendar year, or the like.
Similar systems, some of which were derived from or inspired by Hebrew gematria, have been used in other languages and cultures.
The best-known example of Hebrew gematria is the word Chai ("alive"), which is composed of two letters that (using the assignments in the ''Mispar gadol'' table shown below) add up to 18. This has made 18 a "lucky number" among Jews, and gifts in multiples of 18 are very popular.
==Etymology==
Although the term is Hebrew, it most likely derives from Greek ''geōmetriā'', "geometry", which was used as a translation of gēmaṭriyā, though some scholars believe it to derive from Greek ''grammateia'', rather; it's possible that both words had an influence on the formation of the Hebrew word.〔("Gematria" at Dictionary.com )〕〔 ''Oxford English Dictionary''〕 (Some also hold it to derive from the order of the Greek alphabet, gamma being the third letter of the Greek alphabet (gamma + tria).〔Benjamin Blech, "The Complete Idiot's Guide to Jewish Culture", p. 395 (2004)〕) The word has been extant in English since the 17th century from translations of works by Giovanni Pico della Mirandola. Although ostensibly derived from Greek, it is largely used in Jewish texts, notably in those associated with the Kabbalah.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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